elizabethan england - the golden age Flashcards
how did did culture change during the elizabethan period?
the queen set new fashion trends
english literature became more popular as more people could read
astrology became popular
change in architecture, maths history, the arts and even science
what caused this change?
the gentry had disposable income which meant more money was spent on the arts
give two ways that the gentry gained power
people of the gentry got into the privy council like walsingham and cecil who could then influence the queen
dissolution of the monasteries meant people could now buy land and gain money and power
what is enclosure?
land was free for anyone to use but after the gentry bought the new lands they put fences around it and would charge peasants to use it
why did fashion become so popular?
it became an important status symbol
what were the statues of apparel?
laws which controlled the clothes people could wear depending on their social rank
when were the statues of apparel passed?
1574
list the key aspects of men’s fashion
hat ruff doublet jerkin cloak trunk hose sword woollen
what is a doublet?
a vest used to enhance the triangular shape of broad shoulders and a slim waist
what is a jerkin?
a sleeveless jacket
what is a trunk hose?
bag like breeches covering the body from the waist to the middle of the thigh
what were key aspects of women’s fashion?
dyed hair small hats blackened teeth ruffs white make up puffed sleeves fitted bodices under skirt long full skirts over gown farthingale
what is a bodice?
the close-fitting upper part of a dress
who inspired women’s fashion?
elizabeth
what did dressing like elizabeth do?
dressing like her would flatter her and show your loyalty towards her (patronage)
what was the great rebuilding?
the building boom and development of new ideas in architecture
what was elizabeth’s attitude towards the great rebuilding ?
elizabeth herself could not afford to be a great builder however her subjects could and therefore she got to stay in grand houses on her progresses
what type of building materials were typically used in this period?
stone or brick
how were tudor houses laid out (externally)
E shape gardens symmetrical multiple floors intricate chimney stacks expensive leaded windows
how were tudor houses laid out (internally)
light rooms from the large windows
bedrooms were placed on the upper floors
great hall was no longer popular
decorative plasterwork
when elizabeth would stay over what floor would she be on and why?
elizabeth would stay on the top floor because this was her place on the great chain of being
what was the great chain of being?
elizabethan belief that everyone has a place in the structure of society
where were theatres located?
south bank of the thames outside the wall of london and near brothels and bear baiting
what was the layout of the theatre?
pits = where the poor groundlings would stand and watch for a penny
galleries = where the gentry would sit and watch
lord’s room = above the stage and where nobles and even the queen would go to show off and socialise
flag = would signal when a play was on
were women allowed to perform?
no young boys played female roles instead
where did the special effects take place?
the heavens
who is christopher marlowe?
english playwright who inspired william shakespeare
who is william shakespeare?
famous playwright who wrote 37 plays and founded the globe theatre
what is propaganda?
biased or misleading information which promotes the government
who were the plantagenets?
the name of the family who ruled before the tudors
richard burbage
actor friend of shakespeare
what book did edmund spencer write?
the faerie queen
who was john foxe?
writer and wrote the book of martyrs
what was the cult of elizabeth?
promotion of elizabethan propaganda through art, literature, architecture and theatre
nicholas hilliard
elizabethan artist who specialised in miniatures
give the 4 causes of the poverty crisis
war
inflation
population
agriculture
who paid for the taxes and wars?
the poor
trade between which country was affected by war
netherlands
why did food prices increase?
lack of food supply
debasement
replacing the gold in coins with cheap metals which caused a decrease in the value of currency
by 1600 by how much did food prices increase
500%
by how much did wages increase
175%
by how much did the population increase
1.5 million
43%
which years show the worst harvests?
1559 and 1596
who were the deserving poor?
those who were too young, old or sick to work and were supported by the government
who were the idle poor?
lazy, immoral and sinful criminals
vagrants
homeless, unemployed beggars
vagabonds
poor that travelled in groups terrorising towns
what were the poor laws
set of laws which established some help for the poor
1597
when the poor laws were established
what was the poor rate
a tax used to set up workhouses and payments to the deserving
what are almshouses
charitable homes set up for those who were too old and sick to work
what is the house of industry
workhouses where able bodied poor were sent to earn money until they found their feet
overseer of the poor
job in which they had to provide tools and resources for the unemployed
house of correction
where those who were found begging would be sent as punishment
what is canting
language used by the vagabonds
gentry
social class who’s power came from wealth
what were the privateers?
group of naval explorers who were authorised by elizabeth to lead voyages across the globe
astrolabe
compass which relied on the stars and made it easier to plot a ships course
printing press
invented in 1492 and were used to print maps
lanteen sails
triangular sails which made sailing easier
english renaissance
encouraged scientific learning over traditional beliefs
john hawkins
cousin of francis drake
involved in slave trade 1562
attacked by spanish in san juan de ulua 1568
introduced tobacco to england
sir franic drake
puritan who hated the spanish el draque captured 40,000 worth of silver 1572 circumnavigated the globe 1577-80 and returned with 400,000 knighted by elizabeth
walter raleigh
was given permission to colonise any land that wasn't ruled by christians founded virginia and james town voyages to the new world reduced dependency on europe helped overpopulation introduced potatoes
martin frobisher
talented military captain during spanish armada
3 attempted voyages to the new world
looked for north west passage
brings back 1350 tonnes of iron which he thought was gold
stole riches from france
knighted for defeating spanish armada
james lancaster
solider and trader reached the far east sailed around the cape of good hope to india led to the BEIC made director of the BEIC traded silk, spices, cotton and tea helped improve scurvy with lemon juice
