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history > elizabethan england - the golden age > Flashcards

elizabethan england - the golden age Flashcards

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1
Q

how did did culture change during the elizabethan period?

A

the queen set new fashion trends
english literature became more popular as more people could read
astrology became popular
change in architecture, maths history, the arts and even science

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2
Q

what caused this change?

A

the gentry had disposable income which meant more money was spent on the arts

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3
Q

give two ways that the gentry gained power

A

people of the gentry got into the privy council like walsingham and cecil who could then influence the queen

dissolution of the monasteries meant people could now buy land and gain money and power

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4
Q

what is enclosure?

A

land was free for anyone to use but after the gentry bought the new lands they put fences around it and would charge peasants to use it

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5
Q

why did fashion become so popular?

A

it became an important status symbol

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6
Q

what were the statues of apparel?

A

laws which controlled the clothes people could wear depending on their social rank

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7
Q

when were the statues of apparel passed?

A

1574

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8
Q

list the key aspects of men’s fashion

A 
hat
ruff
doublet
jerkin
cloak
trunk hose
sword
woollen
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9
Q

what is a doublet?

A

a vest used to enhance the triangular shape of broad shoulders and a slim waist

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10
Q

what is a jerkin?

A

a sleeveless jacket

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11
Q

what is a trunk hose?

A

bag like breeches covering the body from the waist to the middle of the thigh

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12
Q

what were key aspects of women’s fashion?

A 
dyed hair
small hats
blackened teeth
ruffs
white make up
puffed sleeves
fitted bodices
under skirt
long full skirts 
over gown
farthingale
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13
Q

what is a bodice?

A

the close-fitting upper part of a dress

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14
Q

who inspired women’s fashion?

A

elizabeth

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15
Q

what did dressing like elizabeth do?

A

dressing like her would flatter her and show your loyalty towards her (patronage)

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16
Q

what was the great rebuilding?

A

the building boom and development of new ideas in architecture

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17
Q

what was elizabeth’s attitude towards the great rebuilding ?

A

elizabeth herself could not afford to be a great builder however her subjects could and therefore she got to stay in grand houses on her progresses

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18
Q

what type of building materials were typically used in this period?

A

stone or brick

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19
Q

how were tudor houses laid out (externally)

A 
E shape
gardens 
symmetrical
multiple floors
intricate chimney stacks 
expensive leaded windows
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20
Q

how were tudor houses laid out (internally)

A

light rooms from the large windows
bedrooms were placed on the upper floors
great hall was no longer popular
decorative plasterwork

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21
Q

when elizabeth would stay over what floor would she be on and why?

A

elizabeth would stay on the top floor because this was her place on the great chain of being

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22
Q

what was the great chain of being?

A

elizabethan belief that everyone has a place in the structure of society

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23
Q

where were theatres located?

A

south bank of the thames outside the wall of london and near brothels and bear baiting

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24
Q

what was the layout of the theatre?

A

pits = where the poor groundlings would stand and watch for a penny
galleries = where the gentry would sit and watch
lord’s room = above the stage and where nobles and even the queen would go to show off and socialise
flag = would signal when a play was on

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25
Q

were women allowed to perform?

A

no young boys played female roles instead

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26
Q

where did the special effects take place?

A

the heavens

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27
Q

who is christopher marlowe?

A

english playwright who inspired william shakespeare

28
Q

who is william shakespeare?

A

famous playwright who wrote 37 plays and founded the globe theatre

29
Q

what is propaganda?

A

biased or misleading information which promotes the government

30
Q

who were the plantagenets?

A

the name of the family who ruled before the tudors

31
Q

richard burbage

A

actor friend of shakespeare

32
Q

what book did edmund spencer write?

A

the faerie queen

33
Q

who was john foxe?

A

writer and wrote the book of martyrs

34
Q

what was the cult of elizabeth?

A

promotion of elizabethan propaganda through art, literature, architecture and theatre

35
Q

nicholas hilliard

A

elizabethan artist who specialised in miniatures

36
Q

give the 4 causes of the poverty crisis

A

war
inflation
population
agriculture

37
Q

who paid for the taxes and wars?

A

the poor

38
Q

trade between which country was affected by war

A

netherlands

39
Q

why did food prices increase?

A

lack of food supply

40
Q

debasement

A

replacing the gold in coins with cheap metals which caused a decrease in the value of currency

41
Q

by 1600 by how much did food prices increase

A

500%

42
Q

by how much did wages increase

A

175%

43
Q

by how much did the population increase

A

1.5 million

43%

44
Q

which years show the worst harvests?

A

1559 and 1596

45
Q

who were the deserving poor?

A

those who were too young, old or sick to work and were supported by the government

46
Q

who were the idle poor?

A

lazy, immoral and sinful criminals

47
Q

vagrants

A

homeless, unemployed beggars

48
Q

vagabonds

A

poor that travelled in groups terrorising towns

49
Q

what were the poor laws

A

set of laws which established some help for the poor

50
Q

1597

A

when the poor laws were established

51
Q

what was the poor rate

A

a tax used to set up workhouses and payments to the deserving

52
Q

what are almshouses

A

charitable homes set up for those who were too old and sick to work

53
Q

what is the house of industry

A

workhouses where able bodied poor were sent to earn money until they found their feet

54
Q

overseer of the poor

A

job in which they had to provide tools and resources for the unemployed

55
Q

house of correction

A

where those who were found begging would be sent as punishment

56
Q

what is canting

A

language used by the vagabonds

57
Q

gentry

A

social class who’s power came from wealth

58
Q

what were the privateers?

A

group of naval explorers who were authorised by elizabeth to lead voyages across the globe

59
Q

astrolabe

A

compass which relied on the stars and made it easier to plot a ships course

60
Q

printing press

A

invented in 1492 and were used to print maps

61
Q

lanteen sails

A

triangular sails which made sailing easier

62
Q

english renaissance

A

encouraged scientific learning over traditional beliefs

63
Q

john hawkins

A

cousin of francis drake
involved in slave trade 1562
attacked by spanish in san juan de ulua 1568
introduced tobacco to england

64
Q

sir franic drake

A 
puritan who hated the spanish 
el draque 
captured 40,000 worth of silver 1572
circumnavigated the globe 1577-80 and returned with 400,000
knighted by elizabeth
65
Q

walter raleigh

A 
was given permission to colonise any land that wasn't ruled by christians 
founded virginia and james town
voyages to the new world
reduced dependency on europe 
helped overpopulation 
introduced potatoes
66
Q

martin frobisher

A

talented military captain during spanish armada
3 attempted voyages to the new world
looked for north west passage
brings back 1350 tonnes of iron which he thought was gold
stole riches from france
knighted for defeating spanish armada

67
Q

james lancaster

A 
solider and trader 
reached the far east
sailed around the cape of good hope to india
led to the BEIC
made director of the BEIC
traded silk, spices, cotton and tea
helped improve scurvy with lemon juice

history (8 decks)

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