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History > Elizabethan England KT2+KT3 > Flashcards

Elizabethan England KT2+KT3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 3 main causes of Spain and England going to war? (1585)

A

•Trade&commerical rivalry over the New World
•Religious&political rivalry
•English direct involvement in Netherlands

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2
Q

What was Englands main trade until 1550?

A

Woollen Cloth trade

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3
Q

What did English merchants try to exchange with spanish colonists?

A

Cloth for:
•tobacco
•Sugar cane
•silver

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4
Q

Why did english merchants want to trade with spanish colonists

A

To sell in Europe

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5
Q

How did Spain try to prevent English traders from trading in the New World?

A

Requiring traders apply for and then refusing licenses

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6
Q

What did John Hawkins do in 1562?

A

Bought enslaved people in Africa he sold in Spanish New World colonies

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7
Q

What were the 2 ways England could make money in the New world

A

-Trade cloth in exchange for tobacco, sugar canes and silver
-Attacking and seizing cargo of spanish treasure fleets

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8
Q

What were the Spanish treasure fleets transporting and where to?

A

Silver
Gold
Jewels
From spanish empire to spain

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9
Q

What is 1572 Nombre de Dois?

A

Drake used 2 ships, 100 men to attack Spanish treasure ships anchored at Nombre De Dios.
Seized silver worth £20,000

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10
Q

How much silver did Drake steal in Nombre De dois 1572 - and how much is it worth now?

A

£20,000
Now worth £30 million

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11
Q

What is the cacafuego 1572?

A

During Drakes circumnavigation,
He attacked spanish settlements on the west coast of S America

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12
Q

What spanish settlements did Drake attack in 1579 (cacafuego)

A

12 ships in callao
The Cacafuego (treasure ship)

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13
Q

What is the cacafuego

A

Spanish Treasure ship

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14
Q

What did drake capture from The Cacafuego?

A

£140,000 of cargo

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15
Q

Why did Elizabeth pretend not to know about privateering- and why did she support it?

A

It was essentially piracy.
She unofficially supported it in return for a share of the captured things

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16
Q

How did King Philip of Spain react?

A

Made many formal complaints about english pirates
Did not go to war because of pirates

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17
Q

How did Catholics see Protestantism?

A

A dangerous threat to the “one true religion”

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18
Q

How did Protestants see Catholicism?

A

a corruption of christianity

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19
Q

What 2 actions by Elizabeth fed religious tension?

A

-Established her religious settlement
-Her increased penalties against English Catholics

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20
Q

How did Philip respond to religious developments in England?

A

No direct action- even when asked to assist rebellions and plots

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21
Q

What was the main reason for war between England and Spain?

A

Commercial rivalry

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22
Q

Why was Spain very wealthy and the most powerful country in the world?

A

Treasure from “New world” Empire
Controlled Netherlands
King Of Portugal

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23
Q

What was Philips reaction to the activities of Drake?

A

Direct challenges to his supremacy

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24
Q

Why did Philip prefer Elizabeth over Mary, despite being Catholic?

A

-Saw France as more of a threat than England
-Mary had close ties with France (her mother was french)

25
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to Spain’s involvement in the plots against her?

A

-Expelled Spanish Ambassadors rather then declaring war

26
Q

Which Empire was Netherlands apart of?

A

Spain

27
Q

What was important to both Elizabeth and Spain

A

English channel

28
Q

What was the main reason for the war between Spain and England?

A

Englands increased involvement in the Netherlands

29
Q

What did the protestants in the Netherlands do?

A

-Rebelled against spanish rule.

30
Q

What did the rebels do when Philip sent a spanish army against them?

A

Asked Elizabeth for help

31
Q

Why did Elizabeth help the rebels?

A

-Englands advantage to keep Spain occupied with Netherlands

32
Q

How did Elizabeth help the rebels?

A

-Sent money and weapons secretly
-Allowed their ships to shelter in England ports

33
Q

Who was Duke of Alencon?

A

Elizabeth’s lover

34
Q

What did Elizabeth encourage Duke Of Alencon to do?

A

Fight the Spanish in the Netherlands

35
Q

What did unpaid spanish troops do in 1576?

A

Caused mass destruction in Netherlands

36
Q

What did the Dutch rebels do in response?

A

Demanded Spain to withdraw and requested a number of rights in a document called the Pacification Of Ghent

37
Q

What was the document called that Dutch rebels requested?

A

the Pacification of Ghent

38
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to the rebels?

A

Sent a loan of £100,000

39
Q

What did Philips brother do in Netherlands?

A

Agreed to the demands of the Dutch rebels

40
Q

What did Phillip do in 1578?

A

Sent a larger Spanish army to the Netherlands to reinforce control

41
Q

Who led the Spanish Army in 1578?

A

Duke of Parma

42
Q

What country and empire did Philip take control of in 1580?

A

Portugal

43
Q

What happened when the French Duke of Alencon died?

A

The french allegiance was Elizabeth’s

44
Q

Who was William of Orange and what happened to him?

A

Leader of Dutch rebels
Assassinated

45
Q

What was the name of the treaty the King of France signed in 1585?

A

Treaty of Joinville

46
Q

Who did Philip form an anti-Protestant alliance with

A

King of France

47
Q

What was the Treaty of Nonsuch (1585)

A

-Elizabeth to protect Netherlands for rebels
-Army of 7000 sent to help rebels- funded by England
-Netherlands to allow Elizabeth to use Brill and Flushing bases for English soldiers

48
Q

What was the name of the Earl of Leicester- and what did he do?

A

Robert Dudley- led the army sent by Elizabeth

49
Q

How effective was English involvement for Netherlands?

A

Leicester felt she was not providing enough money or equipment

50
Q

What was Philips reaction to Leicesters arrival in Netherlands

A

See it as a act of war against Spain

51
Q

What year did Philip and Elizabeth consider Spain and England at war?

A

1585 - however not officially declared

52
Q

who was the earl of leicester

A

robert dudley

53
Q

What are the 4 participation sports

A

•Fencing and real tennis
• Wrestling and swimming
•Football
•Hunting and fishing

54
Q

What are the 2 spectator sports

A

animal baiting, cock-fighting

55
Q

Participation sports, spectator sports, pastimes…. What is the last one?

A

Theatre, music and dancing

56
Q

What are the 5 pastimes? (things to pass time)

A

•Literature and story telling
•Tobacco
• Feast days
•Gambling
•Inns and taverns

57
Q

describe two key features of the attempts to colonise virginia in the 1850’s

A

economic motives. eg English wanted to attack spanish treasure ships and increase its status and prestige
failure: the tiger (ship) with all food in it crashed and this destroyed everything.

58
Q

describe two key features of Elizabethan exploration

A

motivated by financial opportunities. eg. attacks on Spanish cargo ships resulted in fast and big profit for investors

Aided by technological developments.
eg. the invention of the printing press meant there were more books sailors were reading which urged them to go on longer voyages

59
Q

describe two key features of drakes circumnavigation of the world

A

financially successful. eg. captured gold silver and other treasure for himself and to keep Elizabeth happy by giving her a share

increased knowledge of the world. eg. found new and better trade routes which english merchants could use to sell their goods

History (4 decks)

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