Elizabeth section 3 (plots/wars/mary/jesuits)

Question 1

What were jesuits?

Answer 1

Catholic priests who converted people back to Catholicism

Question 2

When did jesuits arrive in England?

Answer 2

1580

Question 3

Who was the leader of the Jesuits?

Answer 3

Edmund Campion

Question 4

Where were Jesuits hidden?

Answer 4

In secret priest holes by wealthy catholic priests

Question 5

Who was Francis Walsingham?

Answer 5

A privy councillor

Question 6

What did Francis Walsingham do?

Answer 6

He had hundreds of agents tracking down Jesuits and catholic plotters.

Question 7

What happened to Campion?

Answer 7

He was captured by walsinghams agents and he was hanged, drawn and quartered.

Question 8

Who was Mary Queen of Scots?

Answer 8

Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin

Question 9

Why did Mary flee from Scotland?

Answer 9

Due to a Protestant rebellion

Question 10

When did Mary enter prison in England?

Answer 10

1568

Question 11

Why was Mary in England a threat to Elizabeth?

Answer 11

1. She had a strong claim to the throne
   - she was Elizabeth’s cousin
   - many people believed her over Elizabeth.
   - Unlike Elizabeth, mary had a son and heir: James.

Question 12

Why was Mary a threat to Elizabeth? (2)

Answer 12

2. Mary was a figurehead for catholic rebellion
   - until Elizabeth had an heir, mary was next in line for throne
   - Catholics were encouraged to rebel against Elizabeth/ plot to assassinate her

Question 13

Why was Mary a threat to Elizabeth? (3)

Answer 13

3. Mary had powerful foreign supporters
   - Phillip of Spain, the French, and the Pope plotted with English Catholics to put Mary on the throne

Question 14

Why did Elizabeth refuse to execute mary?

Answer 14

1. Mary was her cousin
2. She did not want to execute a fellow queen.

Question 15

What was the first catholic plot and when?

Answer 15

Throckmorton plot in 1583

Question 16

What was the Throckmorton plot?

Answer 16

A Catholic noble (Thockmorton) plotted with France to invade England and put Mary on the throne but was found out by Walshinghams spies

Question 17

What was the Babington plot?

Answer 17

1586 Babington Plot was young noble Babington who plotted with Phillip of Spain and France to invade England and put Mary on throne.

Question 18

How did Babington communicate with Mary?

Answer 18

He hid coded letters in beer barrels that were sent to her prison.

Question 19

When was Mary executed?

Answer 19

1587

Question 20

How did Elizabeth agree to executing her cousin?

Answer 20

Cecil and Walshingham manipulated Elizabeth to sign Mary’s death warrant

Question 21

How did Elizabeth react when Mary was beheaded?

Answer 21

She was furious and didn’t talk to William Cecil for a year.

Question 22

When was the Spanish Amada?

Answer 22

1588

Question 23

What were the causes of the rivalry with Spain?

Answer 23

1. Elizabeth refused to Mary Phillip of Spain at start of her reign
2. English privateers. (Francis Drake) stole gold from Spanish treasure ships.
3. Phillip supported Catholic plots against Elizabeth

Question 24

What were the causes against the rivalry in Spain?

Answer 24

4. In 1585, Elizabeth agreed to send 7,000 soldiers to the Netherlands to support Protestant rebels fighting Phillips army.
5. The execution of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 angered Phillip

Question 25

What was the Spanish Amada?

Answer 25

Phillips invasion fleet of 130 ships

Question 26

What was the original plan for the spanish Amada?

Answer 26

Planned to sail to Netherlands to pick up 20,000 Spanish soldiers before increasing England and reintroduce Catholicism

Question 27

Why did the Spanish Amada fail?

Answer 27

1. Spanish mistakes
   The leader of the Amada (Duke of Medina) had no experience of sailing and got sea sick
   The spanish army was a week late, leaving the armada vulnerable to attack

Question 28

Why did the Spanish Armada fail? (2)

Answer 28

2. English Strengths
   - the english used fire ships to break the armadas crescent formation
   - the english ships were smaller and more manoeuvrable than the Spanish

Question 29

Why did the Spanish Armada fail? (3)

Answer 29

3. The weather
   - Armada was driven north by a storm and forced to return to Spain via Scotland and Ireland
   -Over 40 spanish ships were shipwrecked off Scotland and Ireland
   - Phillip sent two more armadas to England in the 1590s but they were both wrecked