Elizabeth section 3 (plots/wars/mary/jesuits) Flashcards
What were jesuits?
Catholic priests who converted people back to Catholicism
When did jesuits arrive in England?
1580
Who was the leader of the Jesuits?
Edmund Campion
Where were Jesuits hidden?
In secret priest holes by wealthy catholic priests
Who was Francis Walsingham?
A privy councillor
What did Francis Walsingham do?
He had hundreds of agents tracking down Jesuits and catholic plotters.
What happened to Campion?
He was captured by walsinghams agents and he was hanged, drawn and quartered.
Who was Mary Queen of Scots?
Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin
Why did Mary flee from Scotland?
Due to a Protestant rebellion
When did Mary enter prison in England?
1568
Why was Mary in England a threat to Elizabeth?
- She had a strong claim to the throne
- she was Elizabeth’s cousin
- many people believed her over Elizabeth.
- Unlike Elizabeth, mary had a son and heir: James.
Why was Mary a threat to Elizabeth? (2)
- Mary was a figurehead for catholic rebellion
- until Elizabeth had an heir, mary was next in line for throne
- Catholics were encouraged to rebel against Elizabeth/ plot to assassinate her
Why was Mary a threat to Elizabeth? (3)
- Mary had powerful foreign supporters
- Phillip of Spain, the French, and the Pope plotted with English Catholics to put Mary on the throne
Why did Elizabeth refuse to execute mary?
- Mary was her cousin
- She did not want to execute a fellow queen.
What was the first catholic plot and when?
Throckmorton plot in 1583
What was the Throckmorton plot?
A Catholic noble (Thockmorton) plotted with France to invade England and put Mary on the throne but was found out by Walshinghams spies
What was the Babington plot?
1586 Babington Plot was young noble Babington who plotted with Phillip of Spain and France to invade England and put Mary on throne.
How did Babington communicate with Mary?
He hid coded letters in beer barrels that were sent to her prison.
When was Mary executed?
1587
How did Elizabeth agree to executing her cousin?
Cecil and Walshingham manipulated Elizabeth to sign Mary’s death warrant
How did Elizabeth react when Mary was beheaded?
She was furious and didn’t talk to William Cecil for a year.
When was the Spanish Amada?
1588
What were the causes of the rivalry with Spain?
- Elizabeth refused to Mary Phillip of Spain at start of her reign
- English privateers. (Francis Drake) stole gold from Spanish treasure ships.
- Phillip supported Catholic plots against Elizabeth
What were the causes against the rivalry in Spain?
- In 1585, Elizabeth agreed to send 7,000 soldiers to the Netherlands to support Protestant rebels fighting Phillips army.
- The execution of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 angered Phillip