Elizabeth in later years Flashcards
How did the war with Spain effect Elizabeth’s navy
Hawkins- makes and refits ships to be more efficient for war.
Merchant ships also can be called on
How did the war with Spain effect Elizabeth’s army?
Review and training of local militias. Artillery and guns to be made ready. JPs guard beacons and coasts Recusants were interned. Costal towns complain extra shipping because of recent subsidies- opposition to war
How was military leadership changed by the war with Spain?
Lord Howard- Lord Admiral (cousin of Queen but not very experienced). Well respected and worked well with Francis Drake. Earl of Leicester gathered army of 12, 000 at Tilbury
Lord Hunsdon had more troops in London aswell
How did the war with Spain affect English pride?
1588- Elizabeth’s speech at Tilbury showed war had boosted Nationalism and pride in army and England
How did the war effect the econonmy with regards salaries for soldiers?
Elizabeth had to take out loans and disband army and navy.
Hard to pay sailors in full and many died from poor conditions.
Admiral argued with Council for them reporting discontent nut money tight.
How did the war affect religion?
Defeat of Catholic superpower- E spun it to be blessed by God.
What was the effect after the Armada was defeated?
Lots of invasion scares and uneasiness.
Hard to repeat success of 1588 and no real strategy.
it was hard to catch the Spanish treasure fleet.
Elizabeth encouraged individuals to prey on Spanish ships as this was now legal.
It irritated investors when she took lots of money from treasure ships eg madre de dios
What were the economic effects of the war in France?
France- fear Spanish domination could be dangerous. Sent 14, 000 troops. Loans and gifts to Henry. He didn’t carry out seige of Rouen so seen as a waste. Argued over how much he owed. But stopped Domination of Spain.
What were the economic effects of the war in the Netherlands?
1588 sent Francis Vere- worked well to recapture land. Loans just enough for Dutch to win. Phillip II bankruptcy meant Elizabeth could withdraw support.
How did war affect the council?
Essex vs Cecil feud- had to take a side, Cecil wants peace and Essex war eg Cadiz
Council dropped in quality and agreement to ‘pet projects’ = less coherence of action
Cecil aged and lacking control but still promoted peace.
How did the war affect the court?
Officials were low on money so more open to bribery- increase in court corruption. Elizabeth couldn’t trust people eg Cecil open to bribes and support for James
What were the economic effects of war on govt?
Spent £4.5 million and £300, 000 surplus totally gone so hard to meet bills. She had to sell crown lands, cut court spending, patronage and keep positions vacant.
How did the war affect the succession
James wanted to be successor but only agreed not to bar him.
Used war to create pressure- stayed in contact with Pope, Spain etc but unlikely to act as he could lose chance at throne.
Didn’t help Essex and after he fell Robert cultivated relationship with James.
Much debate over succession.
How did the war affect the RC threat?
Most loyal to Queen but…
William Allen supported James who promised to make him Archbishop. Writes Admonition to the People and Nobility but largely ignored.
Some backed Isabella’s claim but most happy to wait for James who would be more tolerant.
Catholics not united enough- compromises such as Arch-priests. Jesuits willing to betray each other.
Outline the problem of bad harvests
Poor harvests in 1590s from heavy rain- prices double even grains which were normally cheap. Poor communication made it harder to transport surplus food. Dairy less affected as rain didn’t effect them. People starving to death, more vagrancy and theft.
Outline the problem of plague
Malnutrition meant less resistance. Big problem if main bread winner was dead. Every town effected. Quarantines were often ignored.
