Elizabeth I Timeline Flashcards
1558
November: Elizabeth became Queen.
November: William Cecil becomes Secretary of State.
1559
January: Elizabeth’s Coronation.
February: Queen Elizabeth I establishes the CofE, with the Act of Uniformity 1558 and the Act of Supremacy 1559. The Oath of Supremacy is reinstated.
April: Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis; France makes peace with England and Spain, ending the Italian War of 1551–1559.
August: Matthew Parker appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
Elizabeth sends aid to the Scottish Protestants.
1560
February: Treaty of Berwick; Terms agreed with the Lords of the Congregation in the Kingdom of Scotland for forces of the Kingdom of England to enter Scotland to expel French troops defending the Regency of Mary of Guise.
July: The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed between England, France and Scotland. The French withdraw from Scotland and bring peace between England and Scotland.
December: Seventeen-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, is widowed by the death of her first husband, King Francis II of France. Her mother-in-law, Catherine de Medici, becomes regent of France.
1561
August: Mary, Queen of Scots, is denied passage through England after returning from France.
1562
March: The French Wars of Religion begin, a period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots).
September: Treaty of Hampton Court between Queen Elizabeth I of England and Huguenot leader Louis, Prince of Condé.
October: Elizabeth falls seriously ill with small pox. Brings into question the situation of succession.
1563
The Thirty Nine Articles defining the faith of the Church of England were issued.
Publication of John Foxes’ ‘Book of Martyr’s’.
Parliament press Elizabeth to marry.
1564
April: Treaty of Troyes signed between the English and French.
1565
Mary, Queen of Scots, widowed, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.
1566
Parker’s Advertisements issued, leading to Vestiarian controversy over clerical dress.
Elizabeth is again pressed by parliament to marry.
1567
June: Mary, Queen of Scots, is defeated at Carberry Hill by the Scottish nobles, and imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle.
July: Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
August: Duke of Alba takes control of the Netherlands.
1568
The Dutch War of Independence Begins.
May: Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle. After a failed rebellion is forced to flee to England. Elizabeth arrests her upon her arrival.
September: Battle of San Juan de Ulua, English fleet led by John Hawkins clashes with Spanish fleet resulting in the death of 500 English men.
November: Gold Bullion Incident. Elizabeth seizes 5 Spanish ships carrying £85,000 heading towards Netherlands.
1569
November - December: Rising of the North in England: Three northern Earls lead a rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I in an attempt to place the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne but are driven out of the country.
1570
February: Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with papal bull.
1571
Ridolfi Plot to assassinate Elizabeth.
William Cecil created Lord Burghley.
1572
April: Treaty of Blois between England and France.
June: Thomas Howard, the 4th Duke of Norfolk, is executed for his involvement in the Ridolfi Plot.
Cartwright and Field began to campaign to reform the organisation of the English Church.
1573
December: Francis Walshingham appointed Secretary of State.
1574
February: The fifth War of Religion against the Huguenots begins in France.
First Catholic priests trained at the seminary Douai in England.
1575
July: Edmund Grindal is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
1577
June: Grindal is suspended on account of his failure to suppress prophysings.
November: Seminary Priest Cuthbert Mayne is executed.
1578
September-November: Francis Drake, during his circumnavigation of the globe, passes through the Strait of Magellan in his ship, the newly renamed Golden Hind.
1579
Marriage negotiations between Elizabeth and the Duke of Alencon.
1580
Arrival of the first Jesuit missionaries in England.
1581
March: The Parliament of England’s Act against Reconciliation to Rome imposes heavy fines for practising Roman Catholicism.
December: Edmund Campion, Jesuit priest, executed.
1583
August = John Whitgift is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury and issues his Articles enforcing conformity and obedience among the clergy.
Throckmorton Plot
1584
July: William of Orange is assassinated.
December: Treaty of Joinville signed between Phillip II and the French Catholic League.
Bernadino de Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador, is expelled from England for his involvement in the Throckmorton Plot.
The Bond of Association is formed in which loyal subjects of the Queen pledge allegiance to her and promise to avenge her murder, should it take place.
Jesuits, etc. Act was passed and commanded all Roman Catholic priests to leave the country in 40 days or they would be punished for high treason, unless within the 40 days they swore an oath to obey the Queen.
1585
May: Spain seizes English ships in Spanish ports, precipitating the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604).
August: Treaty of Nonsuch signed between England and the Dutch, committing Elizabeth to military intervention in the Netherlands.
1586
February: Treaty of Berwick in which Elizabeth and James VI of Scotland pledge friendship.
Babbington Plot
August: MQofS arrested for her involvement in the Babbington Plot.
1587
February: Queen Elizabeth I of England signs the death warrant of her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots.
April/May: The Singeing of the King of Spain’s Beard, the attack in the Bay of Cádiz, by the English privateer Francis Drake against the Spanish naval forces assembling at Cádiz. Much of the Spanish fleet was destroyed, and substantial supplies were destroyed or captured. There followed a series of raiding parties against several forts along the Portuguese coast. A Spanish treasure ship, returning from the Indies, was also captured. The damage caused by the English delayed Spanish plans to invade England by more than a year.
1588
May: The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, begins to set sail from the Tagus estuary heading for the English Channel.
July: The first engagement between the English and Spanish fleets, off Plymouth, results in a victory for the English under command of Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake.
August: The English enjoy a string of victories - Isle of Portland, Gravelines, Flanders. Most of the fleeing Spanish ships are sunk in storms.
1589
The Portuguese Expedition.
1590
April: Sir Francis Walsingham, the leader of Elizabeth’s spy network, dies.
August: Robert Cecil becomes Secretary of State.
1591
August: Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex leads an English army in support of the Protestant Henry IV of France at the Siege of Rouen.
November: Christopher Hatton is killed and Robert Cecil is promoted to the Privy Council.
1592
William Cecil falls seriously ill.
1593
The Act of Seditious Secretaries made Puritanism an offence.
1594
August: The Tyrone Rebellion in Ireland begins.
Summer: First of a series of bad harvests.
1595
August: Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins depart from England on their final voyage to the Spanish Main which ends in both of their deaths.
1596
Worst Harvest of the Century.
July: An English fleet, commanded by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Lord Howard of Effingham, sacks Spanish port of Cádiz.
1597
Successive harvest failures lead to dearth.
Act for the Relief of the Poor passed providing the first complete code of poor relief and was later amended by the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601, which formed the basis of poor relief for the next two centuries.
1598
August: William Cecil, Lord Burghley, dies.
August: Battle of the Yellow Ford in Ireland: Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone, gains victory over an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal in the Nine Years’ War against English rule.
1599
September: Essex returns from Ireland.
1601
August: Essex granted freedom, but the source of his basic income—the sweet wines monopoly—was not renewed. He shifted “from sorrow and repentance to rage and rebellion.” Essex Rebellion begins, ending with its defeat and Robert Devereux’s death.
Amended Poor Law is passed - Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601.
1603
March: Death of Queen Elizabeth and the succession of James VI of Scotland.
March: Surrender of Tyrone.
1604
The Anglo-Spanish war ends.
