Elizabeth I Flashcards
Act of Supremacy
1559- Elizabeth=“Supreme Governer of the Church of England” and all clergymen must take an oath of supremacy.
Act of Uniformity
1559- churches are Protestant in practice but are Catholic in appearance-statues, icons and grandeur remain
Royal Injunctions
1559- Provided a balance between Edwardian Protestantism and Henrician Catholicism. Aimed to satisfy all whilst also turning England back into a Protestant country officially
Thirty-Nine Articles of Faith
1563- Fully established separation from Roman Catholic Church.
Opposition to the religious settlement from three main groups:
Catholics, Puritans, Pesbytarians
Issues caused by Catholics
Mary Queen of Scots arrives in England in 1567
Revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569
Pope excommunicates Elizabeth in 1570
Ridolfi Plot in 1571
Throckmorton Plot in 1583
Babington Plot in 1586
Spanish Armada in 1588
Tyrone’s Rebellion with Spanish support in 1601
Issues caused by Puritans
Convocation of Canterbury in 1563
Vestments Controversy in 1566
Whitgift and the 3 articles in 1583
Issues caused by Presbyterians
Peter Turner (1583) and Cope (1587) challenging the settlement in Parliament
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1568
Hawkins slave ships are attacked near Mexico. In return Cecil orders the gold to be stolen from Spanish ships harbouring in England to avoid pirates.
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1572
Elizabeth harbours Dutch mercenaries (sea beggars) before ordering them to return to the Netherlands where they start a revolt
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1573
Trade restored between England and Spanish Netherlands
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1581
Sir Francis Drake completes his circumnavigation of the Globe
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1584
The Catholic League is formed
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1585
Treaty of Nonsuch with the Protestants in the Netherlands. Drake (with permission) attacked Spanish ships in the West Indies
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1587
Drake attacks Cadiz Harbour and sinks a Spanish fleet
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1588
The Spanish Armada attempts to invade England- they are defeated at the Battle of Gravelines
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1595
Drake and Hawkins sail to attack Panama- both are killed
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1596
English expedition sacks Cadiz. Philip (who is now bankrupt) launches a second Armada but it is destroyed by winds
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1597
Philip attempts a third Armada which is yet again wrecked by storm
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1599
King Philip II dies and Philip III takes over
Anglo-Spanish relations- 1601
Spanish forces land at Kinsale to support Tyrone’s rebellion but is defeated by Lord Mountjoy
8 Rebellions in Elizabeth’s reign
Revolt of the Northern Earls, Ridolfi, Throckmorton, Parry, Babington, Oxfordshire, Tyrone’s, Essex
Revolt of the Northern Earls
1569
Headed by the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland
Motives= Religious and the fact that control of the North had been given to Southern Gentry
Rebels took Durham and marched to York before being forced to retreat into Scotland
Ridolfi Plot
1571
Conspiracy for Mary Queen of Scots to marry Duke of Norfolk ad overthrow Elizabeth- this meant that Norfolk could now be executed for treason
(Plot never actually happened)
Throckmorton Plot
1583
Plan for foreign (Spanish) landing in Sussex to help overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.
Foiled by Walsingham before it could happen
Parry Plot
1585
Plan to assassinate Elizabeth
Foiled by Wlasingham before it could happen
Babington Plot
1586
Mary Queen of Scots involved in planning the plot to assassinate Elizabeth and put herself on the throne
Exposed by Walsinghams codebreaker Thomas Phelippes
The uncovering of this ensured Mary could be executed
Oxfordshire Rebellion
1596
Involved 4 men who were angry about poverty in England- they thought others would join but they didn’t
Tyrone’s Rebellion
1601
Earl of Tyrone (North Ireland) began rebellion in protest at English rule over Ireland
Received Spanish support
Had to be put down by force- Essex was sent and disregarded Elizabeth’s orders to disperse the rebels (he had his power removed for this and caused him to rebel himself soon after) but it was then successfully put down by Lord Mountjoy (Essex’s replacement)
Essex Rebellion
1601
Earl of Essex led many (Welsh) peasants in response to Elizabeth’s removal of Essex’s power and the economic conditions of England and Wales
Essex was arrested and the rebels were dispersed with ease
Who did Elizabeth remove from Parliament and arrest for questioning the royal prerogative?
Peter Wentworth and Robert Bell
