Elizabeth Chapter 8- Conflict with Spain Flashcards
What were the main reasons for conflict between Spain and England during Elizabeth’s reign?
*Marriage issue: Philip II was married to Mary I but tensions grew after her death.
*Papal bull (1570): Pope excommunicated Elizabeth & called for Catholics to challenge her.
*Religious differences: England became Protestant under Elizabeth; Spain remained Catholic.
*Actions of English sailors: English privateers like Drake attacked Spanish ships & ports.
How did English sailors like Sir Francis Drake contribute to tension with Spain?
*Raided Spanish ships & ports, stealing treasure from Spanish colonies.
*Drake’s 1587 raid on Cadiz destroyed dozens of Spanish ships, known as “singeing the King of Spain’s beard.”
*Elizabeth supported these actions by granting licenses in exchange for treasure sharing.
How did English sailors like Sir Francis Drake contribute to tension with Spain?
*Raided Spanish ships & ports, stealing treasure from Spanish colonies.
*Drake’s 1587 raid on Cadiz destroyed dozens of Spanish ships, known as “singeing the King of Spain’s beard.”
*Elizabeth supported these actions by granting licenses in exchange for treasure sharing.
How did the situation in the Netherlands escalate tensions between Spain and England?
- Protestant uprising in the Netherlands (1566); Philip sent troops to restore order.
- Elizabeth secretly supported the rebels, sending money & allowing ships to use English ports.
- By 1585, she sent 7,000 troops led by Robert Dudley to support the rebels, an act of war.
What were the key advancements in naval warfare during Elizabeth’s reign?
- Line of battle tactic: Ships fired together in formation to sink enemy ships.
- Fireships: Old ships set on fire and sent into enemy fleets to cause chaos.
- New technology: Lateen sails for speed & maneuverability, powerful cannons, & astrolabe for navigation.
What was Philip II of Spain’s plan for the Spanish Armada in 1588?
*151 ships, 34,000 soldiers, & 7,000 sailors aimed to sail to the Netherlands to collect more men before invading England.
*Armada would sail in an unbreakable crescent formation.
*Ships were packed with weapons for land battles after defeating the English navy.
When did the Spanish Armada leave Lisbon?
28 May 1588
Where was the Armada on 6 August 1588, and what significant event occurred?
*Anchored off the Dutch coast near Calais, waiting for additional soldiers.
*The English, led by Sir Francis Drake, sent fireships into the fleet on 7 August, causing panic.
What occurred during the Battle of Gravelines on 8 August 1588?
- English cannons fired from 100 meters away, damaging many Spanish ships.
- None were sunk, but the Spanish commander, Duke of Medina-Sidonia, ordered a retreat.
- The English pursued the Spanish fleet.
How did storms impact the Spanish Armada’s retreat?
*A great storm blew the Armada off course, wrecking many ships.
*Food rotted, water became polluted, and many sailors became sick.
*Of the original 151 ships, only 65 returned to Spain.
What were the reasons for the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
English tactics: Fireships broke the formation, cannons made regrouping impossible.
English ships: Faster & had more experienced commanders.
Weather: Storms destroyed many Spanish ships & delayed their return, worsening conditions.
What mistakes did Spain make during the Armada campaign?
-Ships designed for the Mediterranean couldn’t handle the harsh English Channel conditions.
-Delayed waiting for soldiers in the Netherlands.
-Weapons suited for land battles, not sea, and many wrong cannonballs were brought.
-The commander lacked naval experience.
What were the main consequences of the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
-Boosted England’s reputation as a naval power.
-United the country under Elizabeth, even winning loyalty from Catholics.
-Increased Elizabeth’s popularity and helped shape the idea of the “Golden Age.”
-Philip II never attempted another large-scale invasion.
What was the date when the Spanish Armada left Lisbon for England?
28 May 1588: The Armada leaves Lisbon, beginning its campaign against England.
On what date did the Spanish Armada arrive at Corunna, Spain, after leaving Lisbon?
19 June 1588: The Armada arrives at Corunna for repairs and supplies.