Elizabeth Chapter 5- English sailors

Question 1

Apart from a ‘golden age’, what else had Elizabeth’s reign been called?

Answer 1

An ‘age of discovery’

Question 2

What was Sir Francis Drake’s goal in December 1577?

Answer 2

Took five ships to raid Spanish ports in the Americas.

Question 3

Why did Drake execute Thomas Doughty in June-July 1578?

Answer 3

Doughty was executed due to a rumor of mutiny.

Question 4

When did Drake execute Thomas Dougherty?

Answer 4

June-July 1578

Question 5

What was significant about Drake sailing through the Straits of Magellan in September 1578?

Answer 5

He became the first Englishman to do so; a storm destroyed one ship & blew others off course.

Question 6

When did Drake sail through the Straits of Magellan?

Answer 6

September 1578

Question 7

Where did Drake land in June 1579 & what did he do?

Answer 7

Landed in North America & claimed it for Queen Elizabeth.

Question 8

What did Drake do after sailing through the Straits of Magellan?

Answer 8

-the remaining ships sailed up the coast
-raided a number of Spanish ports

Question 9

March-June 1580

Answer 9

He navigates the dangerous Cape of Good Hope

Question 10

When did Drake return to Plymouth?

Answer 10

26 September 1580

Question 11

When was Francis Drake knighted?

Answer 11

26 September 1580- on board his ship the Golden Hind, by Elizabeth

Question 12

Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe from 1577-1580?

Answer 12

Sir Francis Drake.

Question 13

What was Sir Walter Raleigh’s role in exploring the New World?

Answer 13

-Given permission to colonise non-Christian lands (Americas) in 1584.
-Sent expeditions but didn’t sail himself.
The Roanoke colony failed, with ‘CROATAN’ carved into a tree.

Question 14

What did Walter Raleigh give in return to the Queen?

Answer 14

Give the queen 1/5 of all the gold & silver he found there

Question 15

The Roanoke colony

Answer 15

-established on the east coast of America (didn’t last)
-second created in 1487 (seemed to succeed)
-colony’s leader returned form trip to England
-found all the colonists gone & ‘CROATAN’ (local tribe name) carved into a tree

Question 16

What advancements in defences made exploration easier for English sailors?

Answer 16

Better weapons like cannons made it easier to explore hostile areas.

Question 17

What technological advancements aided English exploration?

Answer 17

Faster ships with triangular lateen sails.

Question 18

What improvements in navigation helped English sailors explore more efficiently?

Answer 18

The astrolabe & accurate compasses allowed better navigation.

Question 19

Who was John Hawkins & what was his role in the slave trade?

Answer 19

-Respected sailor & courtier.
-Built up navy & fought the Spanish Armada.
-Kidnapped West Africans in 1564 & sold them in South America.
-First Englishman to engage in the full slave trade process.
-Successful privateer & brought tobacco to England.

Question 20

How did exploration increase England’s wealth?

Answer 20

-Raiding Spanish ships & ports for riches to be brought back to Englans
-Established new trading systems, bringing spices, silks & porcelain.
–>Direct trade with Asia cut out middlemen.
–>Levant Company dealt with Turkey & Middle East trade.
–>East India Company established in 1600 to oversee trade in Indian & Far East trade.
-Slave trade generated wealth for individuals & England; Englishman inspired by Hawkins; slave labour= raw materials produced cheaply in Americas

Question 21

How did voyages & naval strength enhance England’s power?

Answer 21

-Naval power grew under Elizabeth.
-Improved weapons & tactics, led by men like Francis Drake.
-Victory over the Spanish Armada showed England’s dominance.

Question 22

What was the impact of voyages on England’s territorial expansion?

Answer 22

-England persevered in establishing colonies, particularly in North America.
-Colonies were built in the name of Queen Elizabeth & her successors.