Elizabeth Chapter 5- English sailors Flashcards
Apart from a ‘golden age’, what else had Elizabeth’s reign been called?
An ‘age of discovery’
What was Sir Francis Drake’s goal in December 1577?
Took five ships to raid Spanish ports in the Americas.
Why did Drake execute Thomas Doughty in June-July 1578?
Doughty was executed due to a rumor of mutiny.
When did Drake execute Thomas Dougherty?
June-July 1578
What was significant about Drake sailing through the Straits of Magellan in September 1578?
He became the first Englishman to do so; a storm destroyed one ship & blew others off course.
When did Drake sail through the Straits of Magellan?
September 1578
Where did Drake land in June 1579 & what did he do?
Landed in North America & claimed it for Queen Elizabeth.
What did Drake do after sailing through the Straits of Magellan?
-the remaining ships sailed up the coast
-raided a number of Spanish ports
March-June 1580
He navigates the dangerous Cape of Good Hope
When did Drake return to Plymouth?
26 September 1580
When was Francis Drake knighted?
26 September 1580- on board his ship the Golden Hind, by Elizabeth
Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe from 1577-1580?
Sir Francis Drake.
What was Sir Walter Raleigh’s role in exploring the New World?
-Given permission to colonise non-Christian lands (Americas) in 1584.
-Sent expeditions but didn’t sail himself.
The Roanoke colony failed, with ‘CROATAN’ carved into a tree.
What did Walter Raleigh give in return to the Queen?
Give the queen 1/5 of all the gold & silver he found there
The Roanoke colony
-established on the east coast of America (didn’t last)
-second created in 1487 (seemed to succeed)
-colony’s leader returned form trip to England
-found all the colonists gone & ‘CROATAN’ (local tribe name) carved into a tree
What advancements in defences made exploration easier for English sailors?
Better weapons like cannons made it easier to explore hostile areas.
What technological advancements aided English exploration?
Faster ships with triangular lateen sails.
What improvements in navigation helped English sailors explore more efficiently?
The astrolabe & accurate compasses allowed better navigation.
Who was John Hawkins & what was his role in the slave trade?
-Respected sailor & courtier.
-Built up navy & fought the Spanish Armada.
-Kidnapped West Africans in 1564 & sold them in South America.
-First Englishman to engage in the full slave trade process.
-Successful privateer & brought tobacco to England.
How did exploration increase England’s wealth?
-Raiding Spanish ships & ports for riches to be brought back to Englans
-Established new trading systems, bringing spices, silks & porcelain.
–>Direct trade with Asia cut out middlemen.
–>Levant Company dealt with Turkey & Middle East trade.
–>East India Company established in 1600 to oversee trade in Indian & Far East trade.
-Slave trade generated wealth for individuals & England; Englishman inspired by Hawkins; slave labour= raw materials produced cheaply in Americas
How did voyages & naval strength enhance England’s power?
-Naval power grew under Elizabeth.
-Improved weapons & tactics, led by men like Francis Drake.
-Victory over the Spanish Armada showed England’s dominance.
What was the impact of voyages on England’s territorial expansion?
-England persevered in establishing colonies, particularly in North America.
-Colonies were built in the name of Queen Elizabeth & her successors.
