elizabeth Flashcards
1
Q
name one feature of elizabethan society (countryside)
A
- tenant farmers
- did not own land, had to pay rent in order to use the land for farming
2
Q
name one feature of elizabethan society (towns)
A
- skilled craftsmen
- make beautiful + intricate products e.g tailors, carpenters
3
Q
one feature of elizabethan government
A
- privy council
- 19 members, run by secretary of state william cecil, met 3 times a week in the presence of the queen
4
Q
puritans
A
- did not believe in a head of the church or bishops
- wanted committees elected by churchgoers to make the rules
5
Q
protestants
A
- wanted the queen as head of the church
- archbishops and bishops to help the queen govern
6
Q
protestants
A
- wanted the queen as head of the church
- archbishops and bishops to help the queen govern
7
Q
catholics
A
- wanted to keep the pope in rome as the head of the church
- have a structure of cardinals, archbishops and bishops to help the pope govern
8
Q
catholics
A
- wanted to keep the pope in rome as the head of the church
- have a structure of cardinals, archbishops and bishops to help the pope govern
9
Q
puritan church services
A
- wanted the bible and church services in english - everyone could read it
- bread and wine - jesus was not physically or spiritually present
10
Q
protestant church services
A
- wanted the bible and church services in english
- believed that the bread and wine symbolised the body and blood of christ
11
Q
catholic church services
A
- bible and church services in latin
- transsubstantiation - bread and wine actually the body and blood of christ
12
Q
when was the ridolfi plot?
A
1571
13
Q
when was the throckmorton plot?
A
1583
14
Q
when was the babington plot?
A
1586
15
Q
who was involved in the ridolfi plot?
A
- robert ridolfi (the pope’s spy)
- mqs
- the duke of norfolk
- the pope
- king of spain
- duke of alba
16
Q
what was the aim of the ridolfi plot?
A
- murdering queen elizabeth i
- replaced her with mqs, married to the duke of norfolk
- this would be supported by a spanish invasion
17
Q
what were the consequences of the ridolfi plot?
A
- the duke of norfolk put on trial, found guilty in jan 1572 - beheaded
- elizabeth created an act - anyone who said she was not the rightful queen was a traitor
- closer to a spanish attack
- catholic priests were smuggled into england to keep catholicism alive
18
Q
who was involved in the throckmorton plot?
A
- francis throckmorton (young catholic)
- mqs
- french duke of guise
- philip ii (financial support)
- pope (approved)
19
Q
what was the aim of the throckmorton plot?
A
- uprising the north
- invasion led by the duke of guise
- free mqs and make her queen
- restore catholicism
20
Q
what were the consequences of the throckmorton plot?
A
- francis throckmorton beheaded in 1584
- life became harder for catholics - many fled, 11,000 put on surveillance
- act passed - helping catholics were punished by death
- elizabeth expelled spanish ambassador
21
Q
who was involved in the babington plot?
A
- anthony babington (catholic who carried mqs’ letters)
- a fantastical priest who was under surveillance
- mqs
- french duke of guise (mqs’ cousin)
- philip ii
- pope
22
Q
what were the consequences of the babington plot?
A
- babington and all the accomplices were hung, drawn and quartered
- mqs was moved closer to london
- mary was out on trial and found guilty of treason - recommended that she is executed
- elizabeth was hesitant and didn’t sign the death warranty until the next year
23
Q
when/where was mqs executed?
A
- 8th february, 1587
- fotheringay castle
24
Q
why was mqs’ legitimacy a problem?
A
- many catholics thought mqs was a more rightful queen that elizabeth - she was an anointed monarch
- mary had complete support about overthrowing elizabeth - this led to her execution because elizabeth didn’t want to be overthrown and if she executed mary, no problem would stand
- however, a problem did stand after elizabeth beheaded mary - her son james was heir to the british throne
25
describe two features of walsingham methods of catching catholic plotters
- he employed a network of spies in order to catch catholic plotters - they were based in major towns and cities and would pass information back to walsingham
- walsingham also used interrogation and torture, for example captured priests and plotters (such as throckmorton), in order to attain information
26
what were anglo-spanish relations like in 1558?
- allies
- mary i was married to philip ii, king of spain
- philip wants to marry elizabeth
27
what were anglo-spanish relations like in 1588?
- at war
- holland - in spanish empire
- 1568 - ships blew over to england full of gold - she takes gold
- sir francis drake rewarded for robbing spanish pirates
28
what were anglo-spanish relations like in 1588?
- at war
- holland - in spanish empire
- 1568 - ships blew over to england full of gold - she takes gold
- sir francis drake rewarded for robbing spanish pirates
29
why did anglo-spanish relations decline?
- catholic plots
- religion
- commercial and political rivalries
- ignoring spain’s actions
30
francis drake
an english merchant who made his name and fortune trading in the new world. elizabeth invested in his voyages
31
circumnavigation
to travel all the way around the world
32
privateer
individuals with their own armed ships that capture other ships for their cargoes, often with the support of the government
33
why did the spanish not like francis drake?
- he captured numerous spanish ships and seized their cargoes
- went to panama - captured £40,000 spanish silver
- elizabeth hired drake as a privateer in 1572
- philip was angry as he saw drake as english piracy
34
how did drake attack spanish colonies in the new world?
- 1577 - issued drake with secret orders
- elizabeth wanted to enrich england and disrupt spain’s valuable trade with its colonies
- sent a message of defiance to philip ii - elizabeth i would not allow elizabeth to be dominated by spain
35
why was drake well known?
- 1577-1580 voyage was famous as he was the 2nd person ever to circumnavigate the globe, and the first englishman
- golden hind
36
how did elizabeth award drake?
- knighted him on the deck of the golden hind
- philip ii was so outraged by this public display - to him sir francis drake was nothing more than a pirate
37
what was the significance of drake’s actions?
- made it clear that england did not accept spain’s domination of the americas
- drake began england’s national hero and said something about england’s strength as a seafaring nation
- drake boosted the crown’s finances
- elizabeth’s public knighting of drake also sent a strong message of defiance to spain
38
decline of anglo-spanish relations - plots
+ philip knew all about the plots. threatening to kill elizabeth, spain are offering money and invasions
- spanish troops never turn up
39
decline of anglo-spanish relations - religious rivalry
+ spain was very catholic country
+ england set up harsh punishments against catholics
+ philip was smuggling in catholic priests to england
- 1559 - spain weren’t bothered as being catholic in england - didn’t enforce harsh punishments
40
decline of anglo-spanish relations - political rivalry
+ spain was the most powerful country in the world
+ spain had an empire - including holland
+ could have strong army ans naval forces
- england - they didn’t want mqs as queen as she had french ties
- philip was anxious about the power of france
41
decline of anglo-spanish relations - commercial rivalry
+ competing against the spanish merchants to get profits from the new world
+ spain controlled holland which was the main route into the european markets, you need a trading license
- english merchants ignore spanish rules and trade illegally
- some of them attacked spanish ports. this challenged them to the new world
42
decline of anglo-spanish relations - the actions of francis drake
+ he went to spanish colonies in the new world and robbed them
+ elizabeth hired him as a privateer and was very proud of him
- she knighted him in the golden hind
43
decline of anglo-spanish relations - english direct involvement in the netherlands
+ elizabeth was indirectly involved as she was sending money to get people to put down the rebellions
- he had respect for elizabeth and didn’t want to send the armada immediately
44
the netherlands - background
- since the 1550s, growing unhappiness in the netherlands - this resulted in the dutch revolt of 1566
- in 1567, philip sent the duke of alba with an army of 10,000 men to the netherlands to put down the revolt
- elizabeth acted indirectly - she gave help to the ‘sea beggars’
- in 1568, she took money from a spanish ship en route to the netherlands - known as the genoese loan
45
the spanish fury (1576)
- the spanish government in the netherlands was all but bankrupt
- spain’s forces in the netherlands finally mutinied after months without pay, rampaging through dutch provinces and finally sacking antwerp on november 1576
- the violence in antwerp united all 17 dutch provinces against spain
46
what caused the spanish fury?
the netherlands finally mutinied after months without pay
47
the pacification of ghent
- the dutch rebels drew up the pacification of ghent, demanding all spanish troops were to be expelled from the netherlands
- elizabeth sent a loan of £100,000 to the dutch rebels and agreed to send an expeditionary force to the netherlands
- in february 1577, philip ii’s brother, don juan, arrived in the netherlands and agreed to all the terms
48
why would elizabeth be pleased with the pacification of ghent?
peace resolving list of demands
49
spanish fortunes restored (1579)
- philip ii sent a new send to attack the dutch
- the duke of parma approving to be a far more effective military leader
- in 1580, spain soon had the upper hand
- the duke of alencon and elizabeth met in england in 1581, and elizabeth promised him £70,000 for support in the netherlands
- she still refused to directly involve
50
why were spanish fortunes restored in the early 1580s?
they gained portugal and all their money
51
duke of alencon
- met elizabeth in 1581
- rumours that they were set to marry
- persuaded him to support rebels
- died in 1584
52
william of orange
- leader of dutch protestant rebels
- assassinated in 1584
53
treaty of nonsuch (1585)
- signed on 10.8.1585 with the dutch protestants
- effectively put england and spain at war
- she agreed to intervene directly in the netherlands on the side of the rebels
- robert dudley chosen as commander of 7,400 troops financed by elizabeth
- october 1585 - elizabeth also set francis drake to raid new world settlements, with the aim of distrusting philip ii’s flow of resource and finances
- rather than deterring philip, drake only succeeded in angering him. philip told the pope he intended to invade england at the end of 1585
54
treaty of nonsuch (1587)
- england’s intervention was not successful - as she was still hoping to negotiate with spain, she did not give dudley enough money, men or supplies to mount a large campaign
- january 1586 - dudley accepted the title of governor general of the netherlands on elizabeth’s behalf
- elizabeth was furious - implied she was deposing philip ii (which she wanted to avoid)
- elizabeth recalled dudley from the netherlands for goof at the end of 1587
55
what were the consequences of signing the treaty of nonsuch?
it got elizabeth directly involved in the conflict
56
nonsuch - why did the intervention fail?
- didn’t give dudley enough money or men
- dudley accepted title of governor general of the netherlands
57
duke of alencon and elizabeth’s relationship
- met in 1581
- rumours that the two were set to money
- elizabeth promised him £70,000 for support in the netherlands
- the leader of the dutch protestant rebels, william of orange, was also eager to secure the help of alencon. failed in the netherlands in 1582 and 1583, and then died in 1584
58
treaty of joinville
- signed by the french catholic league with philip ii to secure his help against french protestants
- william of orange assassinated in 1584
- ELIZABETH COULD NO LONGER AVOID DIRECT ACTION
