Elizabeth Flashcards
What were the key features of Elizabethan society?
- pyramid structure
- patriarchal
- helping those below( nobles helping peasants) -charity
What were the key features of Elizabethan government?
Privy council
Court
Parliament
What problems did Elizabeth face on her accession?
Religious divisions
France
Legitimacy
Debt
What were Elizabeth’s character strengths?
Linguistic (spoke 6 languages)
Clever
Resilient
Why was religion a big problem?
Elizabeth was Protestant in a catholic country
Strong catholic country have good connections to pope
Constant change in religion( changed four times from 1530-1558)
what were they key features of Elizabeth’s religious settlement?
-offered a compromise
-act of supremacy
-act of uniformity
what was the impact of Elizabeth’s religious settlement?
successes:
-strong weekly turnout (90%)
- 90% of the clergy supported it
failures:
-catholic and puritan opposition increased.
what was the role of the church of England in society?
to marry people
to bury people
to spread Elizabeth’s message
how significant was the puritan challenge?
not serious (1%)
vestments and crucifixes caused it
how significant was the catholic challenge?
very serious (90%)
support from France and Spain and the pope
caused the revolt of northern earls (1569)
How significant was the challenge of MQS?
Legitimate claim
Support from France
Impact on catholics in England
Reasons for the revolt of the northern earls?
Opposition to the religious settlement
Political opposition ( took away power from catholic earls (privy council))
It led to:
Arrest and execution of 600 leaders
Military rule in the north
Ridolfi Plot 1571 significance and causes
Caused by the effect of MQS arrival in England (catalyst)
Opposition to religious settlement (religion)
It led to:
Execution of the Duke of Norfolk
Widespread arrests of catholics
Papal bull( excommunication of Elizabeth by pope)
Throckmorton plot 1583 causes and significance
MQS arrival in England (catalyst)
Opposition to religious settlement (pope Spain France etc)
It led to:
The bond of association (all nobles sign contract)
Expulsion of Spanish ambassador (kicked out of England)
Babington plot 1586 causes and significance
MQS arrival in England
Opposition to religious settlement
It led to:
Brutal execution of leaders
Trial and execution of MQS
Certain invasion of Spain
What were the key features of walsinghams use of spies?
Agent provocateurs (spies who fit in with rebels)
Double agents
Torture
Reasons and significance for Mary’s execution 1587
Pressure from privy council
Evidence
Ended catholic plots
Why did relations with Spain decline?
Spain support for plots
England support for Dutch rebels
Attacks by privateers
Spain interrupting wool trade
Religious differences
Why did England and Spain go to war?
England sends 7000 soldiers to help Dutch rebels
Sending drake to raid Cadiz (destroys 30 ships and cork barrels)
Phillip attacks
Why did the Spanish Armada fail?
Poor tactics of Spanish ( Duke of Medina Sidonia)
English tactics (fire ships)
Weather
Port at Ostend was occupied by English
What was the significance of English victory?
Strengthens Elizabeth’s reputation
Weakened spain
Why did poverty Increase?
Closure of monasteries
Food prices increase
Loss of land due to sheep farming
Enclosure
How did Elizabeth tackle poverty?
Vagabonds act- licensed begging, flogging, drilled holes in ears etc
Poor relief act- poor rate tax and workhouses
Why did exploration increase?
Desire for wealth (gold sugar tobacco and slaves)
Technology ( bigger ships, Maps, Astrolabe)
Drakes circumnavigation
