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Elizabeth Flashcards

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1
Q

Population of England from start of sixteenth century to end of Tudor period

A

2.7 million to over 4 million

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2
Q

Englands most important industry

A

Wooden cloth

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3
Q

Percentage of people living in rural area

A

90% or 9/10

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4
Q

When was Elizabeth coronated

A

November 1558 at 25 years old

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5
Q

When was Anne Bolyne beheaded

A

May 1536 when Elizabeth was 2.5 years old,
She was accused of Adultery, treason and witchcraft

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6
Q

Elizabeth’s relationship with Henry

A
  • Only saw him a few times in her life
  • she very much adored him
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7
Q

Who was Roger Ascham

A

Her most influential tutor
- taught her to write in italic style

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8
Q

Elizabeth’s talents

A
  • By 14 she could speak French, Spanish, Italian and Latin fluently
  • was able to read Greek
  • good at history
  • enjoyed writing poetry
  • she was musical
  • good horse rider
  • good dancer
  • skilled at needlework
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9
Q

Catherine Parr’s influence on Elizabeth

A
  • During her teenage years Parr acted as a mother figure
  • Elizabeth’s Protestant views
  • Elizabeth’s direction of education
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10
Q

Thomas Seymour’s relationship with Elizabeth

A
  • Was married to her step-mother, Catherine Parr (after Henry VIII’s death)
  • while living in the same household flirtation between the two took place
  • Seymour was accused of treason and executed in 1549
  • it was suggested that Thomas Seymour was planning to overthrow the King (Edward VI) and marry Elizabeth
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11
Q

During Edward VI’s reign…

A

From 1546 to his death in 1553
- Poverty grew massively due to inflation
- he destroyed images of the church as he was a strict Protestant
- introduced an English prayer book
- faced serious rebellion in 1549 due to his changes to the church and the economic problems of the country
- declared Lady Jane Grey as heir and ignored his father’s will

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12
Q

Mary I

A
  • strong catholic
  • proud of her Spanish heritage
  • passionately hated Elizabeth
  • deeeply hated Elizabeth’s mother for displacing her own as queen
  • also hated Elizabeth for being Protestant
  • burnt 283 Protestants in 5 years
  • ## massive inflation throughout her reign
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13
Q

The Royal Court was

A
  • A mobile operation that was located wherever the Queen was.
  • made up of 500 nobles, advisors, officials and servants = courtiers
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14
Q

Progresses were…

A
  • when Elizabeth, with her Court, would visit the homes of the nobility
  • used to build public relations
  • used to allow Elizabeth to live in luxury at her Subjects’s expense
  • ## nobilities used their hosting to impress the Queen and gain favour/popularity
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15
Q

Patronage

A
  • showed favouritism by giving particular men important jobs
  • caused everyone to be loyal to Elizabeth but competitive to each other
  • the jobs brought prestige and wealth
  • meant the Court was very political and Elizabeth stayed at the centre of the Political system
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16
Q

The Privy council

A
  • advised and directed policies but the Queen didn’t need to listen
  • issued instructions to local officials (eg Justices of Peaces)
  • members were typically from the Nobility
  • Elizabeth had control over who she chose and dismissed into/out of the council
  • could command imprisonments and arrests
  • guided parliamentary business on behalf of the Queen
  • small but highly efficient
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17
Q

Divide and Rule

A
  • meant the men would rival each other for her attention
  • her Privy Council members would give Elizabeth contrasting advice which would allow her to make informed decisions and meant she would always have some support
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18
Q

Sir William Cecil - Lord Burghley

A
  • was well loved and trusted by Elizabeth
  • moderate Protestant
  • very clever, very hard working
  • was part of Edward’s Council
  • was a stabiliser (wanted to avoid war and unite the nation through fair policies)
  • spoke his mind (which Elizabeth loved)
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19
Q

Sir Francis Walsingham

A
  • passionate puritan
  • very loyal to Elizabeth
  • was good with foreign contacts and languages
  • could be blunt
  • clashed with Cecil
  • ally of Dudley
  • was in charge of Elizabeth’s secret service, was a good organised
  • uncovered numerous plots against Elizabeth
20
Q

Robert Dudley - Earl of Leicester

A
  • childhood friend of Elizabeth
  • well liked by Elizabeth and was rumoured to have a romance with her
  • was Master of the Horse meaning he was responsible for Elizabeth’s safety
  • highly ambitious
  • a radical and puritan
  • argued with Cecil a lot
21
Q

Sir Christopher Hatton

A
  • became captain of the Queen’s bodyguard
  • was Gentleman of Privy Chamber
  • loyal
  • kind
  • hard working
  • clever
  • moderate Protestant
  • hated puritans
  • sympathised with catholics
22
Q

Key fact religious settlement

A

1559 the Act of Supremacy meant she became the Supreme Governor of the Church of England

23
Q

Social hierarchy key fact

A

The Elizabethan society was hierarchical. The monarch was at the top followed but the nobility, then gentry, then merchants and finally the lower classes

24
Q

Sumptuary laws

A

The sumptuary laws were made in order to maintain the social hierarchy and limited the excessive spending in clothing and luxury goods.

They dictated the type of fabric, colours and styles as well as accessories that people from different social classes could wear

25
Q

Sumptuary laws social status symbol

A

The laws aimed to visually distinguish between social classes. It was a good way to be able to visibly mark and maintain social distinctions and the social hierarchy of the time.

26
Q

Patronage

A

Elizabeth’s patronage of the arts helped to elevate English culture and literature during her reign.

27
Q

Drake causes - trade

A

One of drakes primary motivations was to be able to partake in trades. He sought new trade routes and opportunities for himself but also for England. He wanted England to be able to access lucrative markets in particularly the East Indies and the pacific.

28
Q

Drake causes - Spanish hatred

A

Drake was known to be an Avid raider of Spanish ships resulting in him seizing valuable cargo and accumulating wealth for himself and the country. He engaged in acts of privacy against the Spanish as the Spanish held much power and wealth in its colonies in the America’s. His voyages were seen as ways to challenge Spanish dominance and expand England’s influence and strengthen its global power.

29
Q

Drake départs from England

A

December 1577

Plymouth

5 ships

30
Q

Drake travelled through the Strait of Magellan

A

August 20 - September 6 1578

Lost 3 ships

31
Q

Drakes return to England

A

September 26 1580

32
Q

Drakes knighting

A

April 1581

33
Q

Drake conséquences - English power

A

Drakes success empowered the reputation of the English naval forces. His circumnavigation also increased the hostility between the Spanish and English. The raiding of Spanish ports and ships significantly enriched England and acquired significant wealth for the English. The attacks on Spanish ports and ships also weakened the Spanish naval power as well as disrupting certain trading routes and territoires of the Spanish.

34
Q

Elizabeth’s relationship with parliament

A

She sometimes clashed with parliament as she préfères to rule independently and sometimes made decisions without the full parliamentary approval.

Elizabeth didn’t call parliament often, she only called upon parliament 13 times throughout her reign where 11 of those were for tax related reasons.

35
Q

Essex rebellion

A

February 8 1601
- Devereux led a small group of followers to London
- he wanted to gain Londoner support against the Queen and her government and eventually overthrow them
- he did not receive the support he expected
- there were small street fights which Devereux’s crew ultimately lost
- devereux was captured
- many of the followers were arrested or killed

  • the failure of the rebellion showed the strength and power of the English Crown that Elizabeth held
36
Q

Elizabethan theatre attitudes

A
  • some members of the elite church disapproved of theatre
  • puritans critized the immorality and potentially corrupting of the theatre
  • the general public embraced theatre
  • at times the government imposed restrictions on the theatre on things such as politically insensitive shows
  • the queen loved theatre and gave patronage to many playwrites and companies
37
Q

Elizabethan theatre impact

A
  • allowed social and political themes to be explored
  • playwrites used their work to comment on contemporary issues
  • different social classes all went to the theatre so a sense of community was built in England
  • added to the flourish of culture of the Golden Era
38
Q

Enclosure act

A
  • series of laws
  • displaced peasants
  • significantly increased poverty in rural areas
39
Q

Population growth and urbanisation

A
  • population grow massively
  • people migrated to cities looking for work
  • no work in cities meant mass unemployment
  • mass unemployment caused increase urban poverty
40
Q

Poor living conditions

A
  • the poor had very unhygienic and unsanitary living arrangements
  • many were overcrowd
  • many were susceptible to disease
41
Q

Relief and charity for the poor

A
  • parishes collected donations to help the deserving poor
  • poor laws of 1601
  • poor laws meant that there was basic accommodation and work for poor people although conduit a were often harsh and only limited and temporary relief was given
  • vagrants and beggars were harshly punished
42
Q

Domestic troubles - religion

A
  • conflicts between catholics and Protestants
  • Elizabeth’s Church of England often caused tensions
  • catholics often saw Elizabeth as illegitimate as her mother’s marriage was the result of a divorce
43
Q

Domestic troubles - political threat

A
  • ridolfi plot
  • Babington plot
  • both aimed to overthrow and assisnate the queen in favour of Mary I
44
Q

International challenges - spain

A
  • intense rivaly
  • defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588
  • drake
45
Q

Babington plot

A
  • 1586
  • caused by unhappy catholics who wanted a catholic ruler
  • Mary I exchanged letters with Babington and the conspirators to endorse the plan to assassinate Liz
  • walsingham intercepted the letters and desiphured them to uncover the murder plan
  • all conspirators were hung drawn and quartered
  • solidified Elizabeth’s determination to eliminate threats to the throne
  • lead to Mary’s trial of treason and execution 1587
46
Q

Ridolfi plot

A
  • 1571
  • aimed to restore Catholicism
  • planned to start an English rebellion and rid of Elizabeth and replace her with Mary
  • the Spanish and the pope both supported the plot
  • walsingham intercepted and deciphered incriminating letters
  • some conspirators we’re arrested and trialed
  • Mary I direct involvement was not proven so she was not executed but instead continued imprisonment
47
Q

Spanish Armada

A
  • 1588
  • King Phillip II of Spain aimed to dethrone Elizabeth
  • Phillip was a devout catholic
  • Spanish had 130 ships
  • they intended to be the transport ships for an invasion force
  • Duke Médina Sidonia was the leader and was meant to travel to the Netherlands to pick up the invasion fleet
  • fire ships
  • englihs used smaller but more manoeuvrable ships to their advantage
  • poor weather and poor Spanish planning lead to the invasion ships being grounded in the Netherlands
  • the armada was defeated

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