Elizabeth Flashcards
who were elizabeths parents
anne boleyn and henry v iii
which countries threatened her in 1558
scotland france
what problems did elizabeth face regarding her becoming queen
people didnt want a female ruler as the previous one was mary i who burned protestants
elizabeth was alos put under house arrest in the tower of woodstock for 11 months because of mary
there were questions of her legitimacy
what age did elizabeth become queen
25
what was the role of JP’s
making sure people followed the law
who served as secretary of state
william cecil
what was parliament for
passing laws
setting taxes
advising the queen
how many sessions of parliament did elizabeth call duing her reign
13
why was there strained relations between elizabeth and parliament
as they strongly advised her to get married but she did not want to
what was the religous settlement called
the middle way
who was mary queen of scots married to and when did she get married
1558 she married king francis ii of france
when did mary queen of scots return to scotland and why
1560 as her husband died
where did mary run to after abdicating
england
when was mary accused of killing her husband lord darnley
1567
why was marys time in england a constant threat to elizabeth
as she was a legitamate catholic clamiant to the english throne
who did ppl believe mary had conspired with in the murder of her husband
earl of bothwell
why did mary run to england
as scottish nobles rebelled against her and this meant her son james was crowned king of scotland when he was one year old
elizabeth faced pressure to execute her cousin mary. why was she hesitant to do so
as she did not want to condone the murder of her own cousin and a monarch. she would also anger the catholics
instead of execute mary, what did elizabeth do
held her captive for 19 years while an inquiry into the murder of darnley was done
what evidence suggested mary was guilty
the casket letters
which 3 rebellions/plots was mary the focus of and when
northen rebellion in 1569
ridolfi plot 1571
babington plot 1586
all these showed how people were willing to kill elizabeth to have a catholic queen
what was the only way to protect elizabeth
to execute mary
what was the counter reformation
a movement in the catholic church that tried to convert protestants back to catholicism
what were jesuits
catholics in the counter reformation who wanted to spread their religious message in England. Elizabeth saw them as a threat
how did elizabeths tolerance towards Catholicism slowly fade during her reign
1571 - fines introduced for catholics who did not participate in protestant services.
any catholic priests who began catholic worship after 1559 were viewed as traitors from 1585 onwards. jesuits were ordered to return to England and swear their loyalty to the queen
what was the statue of confinement and when
1593 - banned people who did not attend church (usually catholics) from going 5km from their house
who was Edmund campion
a jesuit preacher and tried to convert people to Catholicism and broke the statue of confinement. he was hung
what were presbyterians
more extreme Protestants who questioned the need for bishops and religious meetings.
1580 - Elizabeth suspended Edmund grindal (arch bishop of Canterbury) for encouraging prosphesyings. (religious meetings)
after 1580 how did Elizabeth take actions against puritans
appointed an anti puritan archbishop - John whitgift
which two northern nobleman led a rebellion against elizabeth
earl of Westmorland
earl of northumberland
when was the northern rebellion
1569
who had Elizabeth seized territory from
earl of northumberland
which earl raised 10,000 troops against the northern rebellion
sussex
how much did Elizabeth pay to the Scottish regent to buy the earl of northumberland from scotland
2,000. she then executed him
who declared Elizabeth was not a legitimate queen and people shouldn’t follow her laws and when
pope pius v in 1570
what was the ridolfi plot and when
1571
an Italian catholic from florence called ridolfi had been involved in the northern rebellion. he then lead a pro against the queen in 1571. it involved the duke of Norfolk, king Felipe ii, Spanish ambassador to England, pope Pius v and Mary queen of Scots.
ridolfi was supposed to kill Elizabeth and Mary was supposed to Mary the duke of norfolk.
how did Elizabeth discover the ridolfi plot and how did she respond
she discovered it after intercepting letters from Mary queen of Scots.
she excecuted the duke of norfolk.
what was the thrickmorton plot and when was it
1583
spain and the pope’s second attempt to seize England.
English catholics would rebel, French soldiers would invade.
how was the throckmorton plot discovered
walsingham was a spymaster for Elizabeth. one of his spies in the French embassy revealed throckmorton’s plot and how he had conspired with French and Spanish ambassadors. he was executed.
due to all the plots against Elizabeth, what did English nobles and the court have to sign
the bond of association. a document committing to hunting down and executing anyone who tried to overthrow the queen.
what was the babington plot and when was it
1586
led by babington. France and Spain would invade England.
how did Elizabeth discover the babington plot
her spies. the servants involved in transporting letters for Mary were working for elizabeths spymaster. these letters and their replies were taken to elizabeth
why did Elizabeth end up executing mary
due to all the plots she was involved in.
when was Mary excecuted
October 1586
why was Elizabeth reluctant to sign the warrant to kill mary
she did not want to execute a member of a royal family.
she did not want to provoke extreme anger from catholic countries like France and Spain.
why did the court split into rival groups in 1590s
as walsinghamn and hatton died
who was appointed privy councillor In 1593. why did this lead to a divide in the court
Devereux, earl of Essex.
as half of the court supported him and the other half supported Cecil who had been elizabeths main advisor for most her regin
when did the earl of Essex visit Ireland
1599
when did Essex lead a rebellion
1601
what was the nine years war in ireland
a war between English rulers in Ireland and Gaelic Irish leaders.
what was tyrone’s rebellion
referring to the nine years war. Essex was made lord lieutenant of Ireland in 1599. he was meant to control the Irish but failed as he made a truce with them. when he returned to England he was mocked for failing to beat the Irish.
why did Essex start a rebellion
he resented his treatment as he had done many things for Elizabeth such as battling in the Spanish Armada and raided Cadiz in 1596.
however, when he came back to England in 1600 from Ireland, he was banned from court and his rep was ruined. he lost his monopoly on the sweet wine trade.
in attempt to regain influence, he got a small army to rebel. he only had a few hundred supporters.
when was the earl of Essex beheaded
feb 25 1601
narrate the events before and during the Essex rebellion in 1601
Essex’s rebellion was the last challenge Elizabeth I faced. Essex resented that he was being excluded from Elizabeth’s favour and organised a rebellion with fellow nobles. The rebellion was quickly put down by rivals at court and the Earl of Essex was executed.
he had successfully led the forces which attacked the Spanish port in 1596. he was part of a faction which wanted foreign policy to be more aggressive. Elizabeth did not agree and he was not given access to the queens ear. he had to be restrained by fellow courtiers and was placed under house arrest. Essex felt alienated from the privy council and excluded from the queen
Essex was sent to Ireland in 1599 but failed to deal with the rebellion there. Because of this failure, Essex fell out of the queens favour. The Earl of Essex lost his sweet wine monopoly. This meant that he also his lost power and influence at court. We should consider Essex’s loss of power and wealth as the immediate trigger to his rebellion. This was because his debts necessitated action and he resented the influence families such as the Cecils had in court.
Because of his fall from favour, Essex gathered forces to lead a rebellion. He took four privy councillors hostage in February 1601. His rival Robert Cecil called him a traitor, and many of his approximately 200 supporters deserted him. This clearly shows the strength and influence of the Cecil family in 1601. Essex was arrested along with his remaining followers. He was executed in 1601 for treason. Essex’s rebellion was the final challenge to Elizabeth’s authority. The quick defeat of Essex’s rebellion showed that Elizabeth I was still in control of court in 1601.
how much did the population grow from 1541 to 1600
2.8m to 4.1m
what did having a larger population mean
peasants lived much closer together and there was less land available for people
food prices rose because people did not grow food as fast as the population grew
farming became larger
how did living standards for the poor decrease when the population grew
they had less space as there was more people
couldn’t afford food as not enough food was being produced fast enough
as monasteries had closed down, people were getting even less support from the church.
how did the gentry rise
because before Elizabeth, only nobility held most the wealth however under Elizabeth, there was more opportunities to make money through things such as trade
what does the term ‘golden age’ refer to
living standards increasing massively for the upper classes
name two famous actors
William Kempe
Richard burbage
who acted in plays
men
how did the theatre unite all the people
as the rich and poor were able to attend. the rich people sat in galleries and the poor people in the bottom pit.
why was the theatre so popular
it was affordable for all and something new and exciting,
why did some people have opposition to the theatre
it was a distraction from prayer or sinful
large crowds meant spread of disease
they could be dangerous
what did the nobility do in their leisure time
things like fencing and tennis and hunting
they required free time and were expensive, poor people did not have this
what did most people do for leisure time
feasts, jousts, bowls, archery, dice
also football. an inflated pigs bladder was used as a ball
aprox how many people were in the royal court
1000
what did petty schools teach
reading, writing and maths. were often run by wealthy people or priests.
where did rich people get their education from
grammar schools where they would learn latin, geek, arithmetic and religion
what was used to teach kids in grammar school to read and write
hornbooks
when and where was the globe built
1599 in southwark
who did not like the theatre
mainly puritans
what type of plays had potential to divide society
political plays
when was the globe closed down and why
1642 due to puritan pressure
which things contributed to poverty
bad harvests between 1594 and 1598
a flu outbreak killed 200,000 people and many farmers
what group of paupers did people not want to donate to
beggars and vagabonds because they were seen as having no interest in doing work.
which book was written in 1567 and by who
warning against vagabonds by Thomas harman
what were the types of vagabonds described in the book ‘warning against vagabonds’
tom o’bedlam:
a beggar who pretended to be mad
clabber dungeon:
hurt themselves and use dirty bandages to get sympathy from those passing by
what did the law do about beggars from 1531
1 - whipped in public
2 - ear burned
3 - hanging
what did the poor law in 1572 say
let magistrates raise money from local people to help the poor.
how did york deal with the poor
beggars licenses issued since 1515. a master beggar was appointed fro 1528 to overlook the others.
where did people who refused to work go
the house of correction
what was elizabeths reign known as
the age of discovery
when did drake sail the world and what did he do
1577-1580
he became the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and raided Spanish ports in America.
when did Raleigh travel the world and what did he do
1584
was given royal permission to colonise America not ruled by christians.
1585
set up ronoake in Virginia but everyone mysteriously disappeared.
what did ronoake become known as
the lost colony
when was the east india company created and what for
1600
to compete in international trade with Spain
name some examples of technology which helped people circumnavigate faster
ships had triangular sails made from lateen
astrolabe device improved navigation as sailors could pinpoint their location
what did John Hawkins do and when
1564
set up the slave trade by kidnapping hundreds of west africans
how did England become wealthier
exploration and trade.
money came from new trade routes and raiding Spanish ships and ports
new companies such as the east india company oversaw trading outposts around the world
slavery
