Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Elizabeth > Flashcards

Elizabeth Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give one reason why Elizabeth’s gender was a problem.

A

-belief that women were weak - made England vulnerable to invasion
Concerns over who she would marry - the man would have a lot of power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why was religion a problem for Elizabeth when she became queen?

A

England had been through years of religious change and turmoil. The country was still split between Catholics and Protestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s legitimacy questioned by some in England?

A

Henry VIII had declared Elizabeth illegitimate soon after he executed her mother
Catholics do not recognise divorce so believed Henry VIII’s marriage to Anne Boleyn was not legitimate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

From which country did Elizabeth face the most serious threat of invasion when she became queen in 1558?

A

France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which body had to be consulted if Tudor monarchs wanted more money?

A

Parliament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many times did Parliament meet during Elizabeth’s 45 year reign?

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the name of the body of Elizabeth’s advisors?

A

The Privy Council

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many men sat on the Privy Council?

A

19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the name given to the growing middle class?

A

The gentry. Cecil was a member of the gentry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much debt did Elizabeth inherit when she became queen?

A

£300,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What were 2 of Elizabeth’s aims regarding religion?

A
  1. to heal the divisions between Protestants and Catholics to avoid civil war
  2. to maximise her personal power by taking as much control over the church as possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who was Sir Francis Walsingham?

A

-a close advisor of Elizabeth and her spymaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who was Robert Dudley the Earl of Leicester?

A

Leading Nobleman, advisor and favourite of Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Elizabeth do in 1559 to solve the issue of religious division?

A

created the Religious Settlement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name two features of the Act of Supremacy, 1559

A

It re-established the break from Rome and an independent Church of England and all members of the clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to Elizabeth

  • Elizabeth was Supreme Governor of the Church of England. This meant Catholics could still recognise the Pope as head of the Church
  • However, as a compromise Archbishops and Bishops were being kept as it was hoped would please Catholics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the features of the Act of Uniformity, 1559

A
  • Catholic Mass was abandoned and the bible was written in English (to please protestants)
  • Ornaments such and crosses and candles could be placed on the communion table and Priests had to wear traditional - style Vestments (to please Catholics)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How were these two acts viewed at the time?

A

Majority were happy but Puritans and extreme Catholics thought it gave too much away to the other side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Geographically, where was Catholicism strongest in England?

A

North East and North West

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a Puritan?

A

-English Protestant who wanted to further simplify the church of England and remove anything related to Catholicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the impact of the religious settlement on the Clergy?

A

8000 priests took the oath of supremacy showing their support for the Acts introduced
However, only 1 bishop took the oath, so 27 new bishops were appointed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name two features of the crucifix controversy

A

Elizabeth wanted crucifixes in Churches. Puritans did not like crucifixes
Multiple Puritan bishops threatened to resign. There were not enough suitable replacement bishops so the Queen backed down and removed crucifixes from the church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name the features of the vestment controversy

A

-Elizabeth wanted priests to wear special vestments but many Puritan priests refused. A special exhibition was held in London to show what vestments they should wear. Of the 110 priests invited 37 refused to attend. They lost their post. Elizabeth won this battle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How did the Pope challenge Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement, and what was the impact of this?

A

He issued a statement in 1566 that Catholics should not attend protestant church services. This had virtually no impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What proportion of the nobility were Catholic?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why were some Catholic nobles unhappy with the Religious Settlement?

A

Elizabeth chose to have Protestant advisors so they found their political power and influence decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a heretic?

A

People who didn’t believe the teachings of the Catholic church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a recusant?

A

Someone who refuses to attend Church of England services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How did Elizabeth reduce the threat of France?

A

-signed the treaty of Troyes confirming that Calais belonged to France in 1564

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How did Elizabeth reduce the threat of France?

A

-signed the treaty of Troyes confirming that Calais belonged to France in 1564

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Give three reasons why Spain was unhappy with Elizabeth in 1559

A

1) Elizabeth had supported protestant rebels in the Netherlands
2) Elizabeth had stolen gold from a Spanish ship
3) Elizabeth had refused to marry him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why was Mary Queen of Scots a threat to Elizabeth in 1568?

A
  • she was next in line to the throne. Her grandmother was Margaret Tudor and her great grandfather was Henry VII. She also had a son, James
  • she had close links with France through her French mother, first husband (King of France ) and childhood spent in France. The French might also support her claim
  • she was Catholic and had the support of many Catholic nobles in England who did not believe that Elizabeth was a legitimate queen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How did Elizabeth deal with Mary in 1568?

A

She was kept under house arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In what year did the Pope introduce a Bull excommunicating Elizabeth?

A

1570

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Why was the excommunication significant?

A

Because English Catholics did not have to be loyal to Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When was the Treason Act?

A

1571

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What did the Treason Act state?

A

anyone denying Elizabeth’s supremacy and bringing in the Pope’s Bull of Excommunication will be executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When was the Northern rebellion?

A

November 1569

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Give the religious reasons why the Northern nobles were unhappy with Elizabeth in the 1560’s

A

Catholicism was strongest in North of England. Wanted restoration of Catholicism under Catholic monarch. Arrival of MQS in 1568 gave them hope Elizabeth could be replaced

Hatred of Elizabeth’s religious settlement. Elizabeth had appointed James Pilkington (Protestant) as archbishop of Durham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Give the political reasons why the Northern nobles were unhappy with Elizabeth in the 1560’s

A
  • saw power and influence over monarch reducing
  • Elizabeth preferred Protestant advisors from non-noble families. Hatred of William Cecil
  • Elizabeth increased her control of the north through Council of the North - council was controlled by Protestants - Nobles resented this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Why was the Duke of Northumberland angry with Elizabeth?

A

She had taken large areas of land from him and shared them between his main rival in the north and a southern Protestant. Elizabeth had also claimed all profits from copper mines discovered in his land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Name three important figures who took part in the Northern rebellion

A

Duke of Norfolk (queen Elizabeth’s cousin), Northumberland, and Westmoreland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Who did the earls want to replace Elizabeth with as queen of England?

A

MQS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which city did the nobles capture and what did they do at the cathedral there?

A

Durham - celebrated mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why did the rebellion fail?

A
  • large royal army of 10,000 met rebels - showed support for Elizabeth
  • little support for revolt among majority of Catholic nobility and ordinary people - most chose to support queen
  • Spain / Pope’s promise of military support did not happen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What happened to the nobles after they were defeated?

A

400-600 of those involved were executed, including Northumberland, although not until 1572. Others fled to Scotland / abroad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What was the impact of the Northern uprising?

A
  • Elizabeth confiscated the land of the Earls who rebelled making her stronger
  • the reorganising of the Northern Council strengthened her position
  • Norfolk was released after 9 months in the tower of London
  • she became less tolerant of Catholics. Recusancy was punished more harshly
  • the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What did Pope Pius do in 1570 and how did this increase the Catholic threat?

A

Papal bull excommunicating Elizabeth. Meant Catholics no longer had to obey her - encouraged to overthrow her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What were the aims of the plots?

A

Assassinate Elizabeth I. Replace her with Catholic MQS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

In what year was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Who supported the Ridolfi plot?

A

Pope and King Phillip who agreed to provide troops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

why did the plot fail?

A

Letters were intercepted. Elizabeth’s allies passed names of main conspirators to her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

In what year was the Throckmorton plot?

A

1583

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot?

A

Francis Walsingham - had Throckmorton under surveillance for months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What did English nobles have to sign after the failed Throckmorton Plot and what did it require them to do?

A

Bond of Association - required them to execute anyone who tried to overthrow Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Why were the Catholic plots never a real threat?

A
  • Elizabeth was popular - conspirators lacked public support - eg. failure of Northern Earls showed lack of appetite for Catholic revolution
  • Phillip II - reluctant to destroy alliance with Elizabeth - promises of support were half - hearted and rarely followed through
  • Spy network always uncovered plots long before they fully developed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

When was the Babington plot?

A

1586

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How was the plots discovered?

A

Walsingham was aware of the plot and allowed it to develop to the point where letters were found showing that Mary agreed to the assassination of Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What happened to Mary?

A

-found guilt of treason. Elizabeth signed her death warrant but did not seal it. Mary was executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

When was MQS executed and why had Elizabeth been reluctant up until then?

A

1587 - Mary a fellow monarch - believed in divine right, executing Mary undermined claim to rule by Divine Right and might fuel more plots against her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What were the main reasons Mary was executed?

A
  • claim to the throne and Catholicism
  • involvement in the Babington plot - she was finally implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth
  • her links abroad - she had the support of Phillip of Spain and the Pope so there was a constant threat of invasion
  • Privy Council - they wanted her dead as she would always be a focal point for catholic plots whilst alive. The council had passed the Act for the Preservation of the Queen’s safety in 1585 meaning if Mary was found guilty of involvement in a plot she could be put on trial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What was the impact of Mary’s beheading?

A

Limited - English Catholics did not rise up against Elizabeth

Although Phillip did launch the Armada it was not a direct consequence of the execution

62
Q

Why did England and Spain have good relations at the start of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

Marriage alliances (Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon / Phillip II married to Mary) and fought together against France in the 1550’s

63
Q

Who controlled the Netherlands?

A

Spain

64
Q

Why were the Netherlands important to England?

A

English exports to Europe were vital to English economy - went through Dutch ports like Antwerp

65
Q

Which port in the Netherlands was vital to England’s exports?

A

Antwerp

66
Q

Which countries did Phillip II rule over?

A

Spain, Portugal, parts of Italy and the Netherlands. He also had an empire in North and South America and Phillippines

67
Q

Why was there political rivalry between England and Spain ?

A
  • Spanish ambassadors were involved or linked to the Throckmorton plot
  • Elizabeth refused to marry Phillip so causing him considerable embarrassment
  • the situation in the Netherlands is an example of the political rivalry
68
Q

What do you call English sailors who traded illegally with Spanish colonies and attacked Spanish treasure fleets? give examples.

A

Privateers - John Hawkins and Francis Drake

69
Q

What examples are there of commercial rivalry?

A

John Hawkins challenged the Spanish monopoly of the slave trade

Hawkins, Drake, and other privateers stole from Spanish ships. Key events were Nombre de Dios (1572) and Cacafuego (1579)

Drake captured £40,000 of silver in 1572 and returned with £400,000 worth of treasure after his circumnavigation of the globe in 1580.

70
Q

How did Elizabeth help Dutch rebels against the Spanish in 1568?

A

sheltered Dutch sea beggars in her ports

71
Q

What did Elizabeth do in 1568 with the Spanish ships laden with gold that took refuge in English ports?

A

seized the gold for herself - ‘Genoese Loan’ - argued it was money from Italian bankers and not, therefore, Spanish gold

72
Q

How did Phillip react to the seizure?

A

-banned English trade with the Netherlands. This damaged England’s economy and forced merchants to look for new markets overseas

73
Q

Who did Elizabeth encourage to help the Dutch against the Spanish in the 1570’s?

A

The French Duke of Alencon

74
Q

What did the Spanish sign with the Dutch after they went bankrupt in 1576?

A

The Pacification of Ghent asking the Spanish to leave the Netherlands. The Spanish then ignored this and invaded the Netherlands again

75
Q

How did Elizabeth increase the help she was giving to the Dutch in 1577?

A

She sent a mercenary John Casimir to fight the Spanish in the Netherlands - this failed

76
Q

How did Elizabeth support the Dutch rebellion against Spanish rule in 1581?

A

Offered limited financial help to the rebels but did not want to provoke Phillip

77
Q

Why was Elizabeth initially reluctant to help the Dutch rebels in the Netherlands against the Spanish?

A

Reluctant to provoke Phillip by getting directly involved - did support with limited financial help

78
Q

What was the name of the Dutch rebel who was assassinated in 1584?

A

William of Orange

79
Q

What did the French and the Spanish sign in 1584 and how did this impact England?

A

After the Duke of Alencon died, France and Spain signed the treaty of Joinville which meant that England was now isolated.
the Privy Council pushed Elizabeth to send an army to the Netherlands

80
Q

What was the name of the Treaty Elizabeth signed in 1585 which placed the Netherlands under her protection?

A

Treaty of Nonsuch

81
Q

Why did Elizabeth sign this Treaty

A

Religious - ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants
Military - if rebels defeated, Phillip could use Netherlands as base for invasion
Commercial - key ports for English trade
Strategic - if Dutch rebels defeated then Spain would control Channel and Atlantic coasts of Europe

82
Q

How many troops did Elizabeth send to the Netherlands?

A

In 1585, England sent 7000 troops to the Netherlands

83
Q

Who led the English military expedition to the Netherlands?

A

Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester)

84
Q

What titles did he accept when he arrived and why did Elizabeth force him to resign his position as a result?

A

Governor - General of the Netherlands / risked provoking Phillip as implied Elizabeth wanted control of the Netherlands

85
Q

Why was England defeated?

A

Leadership - Dudley was not a talented general and his officers were bitterly divided over strategy

Resources - English army was small and poorly equipped and funded compared with Spanish

86
Q

Who was the Spanish general leading the campaign against the Dutch rebels / English?

A

Duke of Parma

87
Q

What role did Dudley play as commander of the English forces?

A

He was able to slow down the Spanish forces but was ultimately defeated

88
Q

What did Phillip II do after Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch?

A

Prepared invasion of England. He began plans to build an armada

89
Q

Which Spanish port did Francis Drake attack in 1587?

A

Cadiz

90
Q

Why did Francis Drake attack the port of Cadiz in 1587?

A

To slow down Spanish preparations for the Armada by destroying or raiding naval supplies

91
Q

How many ships did Drake destroy?

A

30

92
Q

How else did Drake slow down Phillip’s preparations for the Armada?

A

Drake sailed along coast destroying supplies being sent to Lisbon and seized valuable ship - San Filipe - which allowed Elizabeth to improve English defences with money captured

93
Q

What was the impact of the raid on Cadiz? (‘singeing of the King of Spain’s beard’)

A

Destroyed planks of wood used to make barrels to carry food and water. Spanish had to rely on poorer quality wood which did not preserve food or water well

Expensive - strained Spain’s finances

Delayed Armada for a year allowing England time prepare

94
Q

When did the Armada depart?

A

May 1588

95
Q

Who led the Armada?

A

Duke of Medina Sidonia - little military or naval experience

96
Q

Who led the English fleet?

A

Lord Howard, Sir Francis Drake - experienced seamen

97
Q

Why was the Armada unable to join forces with Spanish troops waiting in the Netherlands?

A

Poor communication and the troops in the Netherlands were slowed down by Dutch ships blockading them at Ostend.
Spanish plans were flawed

98
Q

What did the English do to cause panic among the Spanish and lead them to cut their anchors?

A

sent fireships towards the Spanish fleet whilst they were anchored at Calais

99
Q

Why else were English tactics and ships superior to the Spanish?

A

They had newer faster/narrower galleons that could sail close to the Spanish ships and then move away quickly. The English cannons could also be reloaded more quickly. However they only had 24 of these new ships.

100
Q

What role did the wind play in the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

A

the wind changes direction and blew the Armada in to the North sea making it impossible to meet up with Parma. This was called the “Protestant wind”. It also meant the Spanish got stuck in storms and had to sail back via Scotland and Ireland where many ships were shipwrecked.

101
Q

Which European countries were first to explore the world beyond Europe in the 1400’s?

A

Spain and Portugal - voyages of discovery to Africa, the Americas, and Asia. By the time Elizabeth came to the throne, Spain and Portugal had colonies in Americas

102
Q

What were the advances in technology which made longer journeys possible?

A

1590’s - John Davies invented the backstaff which made navigation easier and more accurate than the sea astrolabe

From 1570’s, the log and line helped sailors estimate their speed with more accuracy

Ships - building - English built larger and longer ships which were better suited to long ocean voyages because they were faster, more stable, and easier to navigate.

103
Q

How did maps improve?

A

More detailed and reliable - eg. the Mercator map

104
Q

Why did rivalry with Spain encourage exploration?

A

Spain made it difficult for English traders to trade freely through Antwerp. This encouraged them to look for new rotes into Europe and further afield, especially Americas and Asia

Elizabeth realised she needed to compete with Spain globally, not just within Europe

105
Q

how did Elizabeth encourage the development of England’s international trade?

A
  • Granted some merchants monopolies which gave them exclusive rights to trade in a particular part of the world
  • encouraged privateering and explored opportunities to establish English colonies in the Americas
106
Q

Give an example of an English monopoly Elizabeth granted.

A

East India Company - given a monopoly on trade with Asia in 1600

107
Q

Who was John Hawkins?

A

A slave trader. He traded slaves captured in West Africa in the Caribbean making him very wealth

108
Q

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

A

An English explorer who attempted to develop colonies in modern day north America

109
Q

Why did Elizabeth want an English colony in the Americas?

A

Political: it would challenge Spain’s dominance in the Americas and could be used as a base for attacking Spanish treasure ships

Financial: A colony would provide opportunities for trade and be a source of raw materials that would make English rich.

110
Q

When did Walter Raleigh go on his fact-finding mission to North America? Where did he land?

A

1584 / Roanoke Island

111
Q

What did Raleigh return to England with?

A

Two Native Americans

112
Q

When was the first attempt to set up a colony in Virginia?

A

1585

113
Q

Who led this first expedition?

A

Sir Richard Grenville

114
Q

How many settlers went on this first expedition?

A

108

115
Q

When did the majority of settlers return to England and why?

A

1586 - Francis Drake arrived to find planters running low on supplies - most were unhappy so decided to return

116
Q

When was the second attempt to establish a colony? How many people settled?

A

1587 / 100 settlers

117
Q

Why were supplies from England delayed?

A

Spanish Armada in 1588

118
Q

What happened when the supply ship reached Roanoke?

A

All the planters had disappeared. Roanoke known as the ‘Lost Colony’

119
Q

Why was the attempt to set up a colony in Virginia a failure?

A

TIMING: The voyage set off too late in the year to be able to plant crops in Virginia and so they were short of food - this made them vulnerable to problems like delayed supply ships. Also the ship the Tiger flooded which meant that many supplies were ruined such as food and gunpowder.

There was a poor mix of people - there were too many craftsmen and not enough farmers. This led to a reliance on native Americans for supplies and skills which led to increasing hostility

120
Q

How did the planters anger the local Native Americans?

A

Too demanding of supplies and food. Wingina the local chief disliked the English as many of his tribe died due to disease.
-He was killed in a battle with colonists

121
Q

Who was Sir Francis Drake?

A

A Privateer

122
Q

What problems did Drake face when circumnavigating the globe?

A

Rough seas, pirates, the Spanish

123
Q

What why was Drake’s circumnavigation an achievement ?

A
  • The second man in history to achieve this
  • first Englishman to achieve this
  • returned with £400,000 in treasure with Elizabeth getting £200,000 of that
124
Q

Why did population growth increase poverty?

A

Food production did not keep pace with population. Food prices rose and led to food shortages

More competition for land - rents increased and many were forced out of homes

125
Q

What was the name given to increase in rents by greedy landlords?

A

Rack renting

126
Q

What were the developments in farming that increased poverty?

A

Enclosures - reduced common land that the poor had traditionally used to grow crops / keep animals

Sheep farming - required fewer labourers so increased unemployment. Also led to fall in grain production which contributed to rising food prices and inflation

127
Q

What did monasteries offer to the poor?

A

Food, shelter, and basic treatment of illnesses in times of need

128
Q

Why were the poor no longer able to rely on monasteries under Elizabeth?

A

Henry VIII had closed down most of England’s monasteries between 1531-36 as part of his conversion to Protestantism

129
Q

How had events abroad led to increasing poverty in England?

A

Switch to sheep farming instead of grain was due to wool exports being more profitable. This then led to poverty due to unemployment as not as many farmers were needed to tend sheep

130
Q

Why were Elizabethans so worried about poverty levels rising?

A

Crime rates / worried poor might rise up in rebellion if problem was not addressed

131
Q

What did Elizabethans call the poor who were unable to support themselves or who wanted to work but were unable?

A

Deserving poor

132
Q

What did they call the poor who were beggars, criminals, etc?

A

Undeserving poor

133
Q

What was poor relief?

A

money paid for by the poor rate. If you were the undeserving poor you were not helped, but rather punished

134
Q

Name the things that the 1563 Poor Law said.

A
  • Gave magistrates power to raise local funds for poor relief
  • People not paying the poor rate could be imprisoned or fined
  • stated the undeserving poor could be publicly whipped
135
Q

What did the 1572 Poor Law say?

A
  • gave local officials power to decide how much people should pay
  • underserving poor could be whipped and drilled a hole through both ears. Death penalty if caught 3 times
136
Q

Where did rich children receive an education?

A

At home with private tutors. Boys did hunting, maths, languages. Girls did singing and dancing and also learnt languages and literature

137
Q

What were petty schools?

A

Small local schools that provided a basic education up to the age of 8 years

138
Q

What was taught at petty schools?

A

Basic reading, writing, and sometimes maths. Strong religious focus

139
Q

Who attended petty schools ?

A

Mostly boys but some girls

140
Q

At what age did people attend petty schools?

A

No fixed age but usually from six and stayed until they could read and write

141
Q

How many new grammar schools were set up under Elizabeth?

A

100

142
Q

What sort of children attended grammar schools?

A

Mostly boys from upper middle classes and gentry. Some grammars offered free places to bright boys from poorer backgrounds

143
Q

What was taught at grammar schools?

A

Latin, classical literature and Greek. Also arithmetic. Some grammar schools also taught subjects like craftsmanship / business skills

144
Q

Could girls get an education?

A

Very few did except the very rich. However there were some Dame schools for middle class girls.

145
Q

What were the two main universities that boys attended?

A

Oxford and Cambridge

146
Q

What did students study at university?

A

Arithmetic, Greek, Astronomy, Philosophy and theology. All courses were conducted entirely in Latin.

147
Q

What did the rich do for entertainment?

A

Hunted deer and other wild animals. Hawking with trained falcons. Fencing. Tennis, bowls.

148
Q

What did ordinary people do for entertainment?

A

Football - few rules, often descended into fights

blood sports - cockfighting, bull or bear-baiting, gambling.

149
Q

Name two famous Elizabethan theatres.

A

The Globe

The Curtain

150
Q

How did theatre change under Elizabeth?

A

Became more permanent and purpose built theatres were built

151
Q

What were the differences in how the poor and the rich enjoyed theatre?

A

The poor payed a penny to stand in the pit.

The rich sat in the gallery.

152
Q

How did Elizabeth support theatre?

A

She set up her own acting company, The Queen’s Men.

History (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions