Elizabeth 1 Flashcards
How old was Elizabeth when she became queen?
25
What were her short term aims? (3)
Consolidate position,
settle religious issues
end war with france
Who was appointed as principal secretary in 1558?
William Cecil
Who did Mary Queen of Scots marry in 1558?
the Dauphin of France
What was Elizabeth’s first major priority?
Religious settlement
What arguements could be held on the Personal/Pragmatic approach to Elizabeths Religious Settlement
Personal- Raised as a Reformer, went to Catholic mass - liked aesthetic
Pragmatic- ‘Middle Way’ - Reformers = Educated Gentry,
Most Catholics were illiterate
What Act was passed first in 1559
Act of Uniformity
What was the Act of Uniformity 1559
Church of England reversed to 1547 and Henry’s death
PLUS fines for not attending church
What was the Act of Supremacy 1559?
Monarch = Head of Church,
However Elizabeth = Supreme Governor
Why did Elizabeth give herself the title of Supreme Governor rather than Head of the Church
To appease Catholics wanting Pope as head of church, and Puritans having woman as head
How was the Act of Supremacy able to be passed with 1 vote.
A debate held in House of Lords, Cecil arrested 2 people, then held vote.
What were the 1559 Royal Injunctions
set of instructions to the clergy
What was special about the 1559 New Common Prayer Book?
Uses wording of 1549 and 1552 Prayer books under Edward and Mary, ESPECIALLY on transubstantiation issue
What was Elizabeth’s famous quote about Religious view?
“I will not make windows into mens souls”
What was the Act of Exchange 1559
As Elizabeth Head of CofE and Queen, could transfer crown land for clergy land - Used as threat over clergy
Tyranical?
Who died in 1560? Causing MQS to return to Scotland
Francis II
What was the Treaty of Cateaux-Cambresis 1559
Ends war between Spain and France, England lost Calais :( (?)
Who was appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1559? Why was he good?
Archbishop Mathew Parker - Reasonable yet knowledgeable in politics and faith
When did John Hawkings begin his involvement in the slave trade?
1562
Who was the French Religious wars between?
Huguenots vs Catholics
What was the Treaty of Hampton Court 1562?
Elizabeth to support Huguenots with money and weapons
What was the Council of Trent? What did they finally conclude in 1563?
A council of Catholics debating doctrine - Concluded that Reformers and Catholics cannot exist at the same time. Kicks off the Counter-Reformation
When was the 39 Articles published?
1563
What were the 39 Articles
Established Doctrine
What disease did Elizabeth survive in 1563?
Smallpox - brought issues of succession into light
When was Foxe’s book of Martyrs published
1563
What was the 1563 Statute of Artifices
Apprenticeships offered for 7 years, used to help combat social economic issues and unemployment
Why did the Spanish impose an import ban in Netherlands? Why was it ended?
It was due to “Plague”, however pettiness over Privateering.
Ended in 1564 after Elizabeth imposes a thing back.
When did Robert Dudley DEFINITELY NOT push his wife down the stairs?
1564
What was the 1564 Treaty of Troyes
Elizabeth agreed to stop involvement with France
When did Mary QoS Marry Lord Darnley? why was this a problem for Elizabeth
1565
They were both related to Margaret Tudor (and therefore Henry vii) meaning their child would have a very strong claim
When and what was the Vesterian Controversy
1566.
Puritan choir development - asking for further reforms.
Vestments had no biblical justification THEREFORE catholic???
Never really gets solved - delegated to directionless Parker
When did the Dutch Revolt start?
1567
What was the Bullion Crisis of 1567?
Elizabeth seized the Genoese Loan heading to the Netherlands, leading Phillips army to be underpaid.
What does Pope Pius V say to Catholics in England?
Told them not to go to church. Insignificant fines for Nobility and Gentry however 1 weeks wages for Commoner.
When does MQS arrive in England? after what event the year before?
- After Lord Darnleys murder
What was MQS hoping to be given when fleeing to England? Why was this a problem for Elizabeth?
Wanted an army to help fight back. Elizabeth couldn’t risk angering only other Reformist nation. Instead she sent an enquiry out.W
What piece of evidence solidified MQS guilty-ness in Lord Darnleys death?
The Casket Letters - Mary Directly involved with Earl of Boswell.
What two countries was Elizabeth in-between with the MQS issue?
France - wanted her returned
Scotland - wanted her returned and executed
When was the Northern Rebellion?
1569
What two nobles were involved with the Northern Rebellion? Why were they so annoyed?
Catholic Northumberland and Westmorland, Deposed from Council of the North. Summoned by Queen - spurred on by wives after fear of execution?
What was the Northern Rebellions initial plan?
Seize North, Release Mary, depose Elizabeth, Marry Mary with Duke of Norfolk.
What city did the Earls takeover? What did they hold there?
They Seized control of Durham, and held a catholic mass. ALSO sent letters to Phillip II of Spain
How many soldiers did Elizabeth to send to deal with Northern Rebellion?
14,000 from Royal Army, they ran away-
What year was Elizabeth Excommunicated? What did this mean
- Papal Bull, meant that all Catholics duty to kill Elizabeth - Heaven for accomplishment or die trying.
How did Elizabeth react to her Excommunication in 1571?
Released the Treason Act, anyone caught with the Papal Bull would be executed for Treason.
What plot did the Ridolfi Plot pracically steal from?
The Revolt of Northern Earls.
Who discovered the Ridolfi plot? who was supposedly involved?
Robert Cecil. Perhaps Dudley was involved and leaked information to Cecil.
Who was executed after the events of the Ridolfi plot?
The Duke of Norfolk in 1572
How was Cecil Rewarded after discovering the Ridolfi plot?
He was given the title of Lord Burghley
Who supported both the Ridolfi plot and Northern rebellion?
Phillip II
Name the three main contenders for the marriage at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign.
Robert Dudley,
Phillip II,
Prince Erik of Sweden
When was the Treaty of Joinville?
1584
What was the Treaty of Joinville 1584?
A Spanish treaty with the French Catholic League.
How did Elizabeth counteract the Treaty of Joinville 1584?
Made the Treaty of Nonsuch with Dutch Protestant revels and Sent troopsW
Who was sent to the Netherlands on behalf of the queen?
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
When was the singeing of the Kings Beard?
1587 - Francis drake
What year was the first Armada launched +? =
1588
When did the Anglo-spanish war end?
1604, after the death of Philip and Elizabeth.
When was Elizabeth’s first poor relief act? What did it accomplish?
1572 - local ratepayers to pay rate of relief
What act required towns to make provisions for employment for deserving poor?
1576
When was Elizabeth’s last Poor Law?
1601
What happened in the 1601 Poor Law?
overseer of the poor would have to administer poor relif
those unable to work cared for in poorhouse
Able bodied poor given work in ‘House of Industry’
Idle poor and Vagrants sent to a ‘House of Correction
Pauper Children to be given apprentices
What was a ‘House of Correction’
Basically a workhouse-
Who led an Irish rebellion in 1595, linked to the Anglo-Spanish war?
The Earl of Tyrone
By 1598, who controlled most of Ireland, except the Pale?
Earl of Tyrone and allies, with Spanish support
Who was sent to Ireland as lord lieutenant 1599?
Earl of Essex
What did the Earl of Essex do that he wasn’t supposed to?
Make a truce with Tyrone 1599, returned to court and got embarrsejsdfga
What happened in 1601 with Ireland?
3000 spanish troops landed to support the rebellion.
Who defeated the Irish rebellion in 1601?
Lord Lieutenant, Lord Mountjoy
When was the Muscovy company established>
1555
When was the East India Company established?
1600
What was the Statute of Artificers 1563?
fix prices and regulate wages
When were the worst harvests of Elizabeths reign?
1594-97
