Elimination Reactions Flashcards
What is true about eliminations and substitution reactions?
they often compete with one another since they have the same starting material
in an elimination pathway, how does the reagent/nucleophile act?
it acts as a base rather than a nucleophile
In an elimination reaction, what are the three products?
an alkene, the leaving group anion, and the formation of a conjugate acid
what is the rate law for an E2 reaction
R=K[subs][base]
how many arrows should you draw in an E2 mechanism and what are the steps?
Three arrows
The first arrow shows the base taking a proton from a Beta carbon
the second arrow shows the electrons from the deprotonated proton moving into the C-C bond to form a double bond
in the third step, which is the third arrow, there are temporarily 10 electrons, which causes the leaving group to leave
what defines a good nucleophile?
it has a full negative charge and polarizable
but it varies in the solvent
what is the trend of nucleophilicty in all solvents across a row
the nucleophile is better across a row from right to left
Ch3>NH2>OH>F
what is the trend of nucleophilicity in protic solutions
nucleophilicity increases down a column (in protic solvents, the best nucleophiles have larger atoms)
what’s the trend of nucleophilicity in aprotic solutions?
nucleophilicity increases up a column (the electronegativity does not attract the aprotic solvents)
if you have a methyl substrate, what reaction will proceed?
an SN2
If you have a primary substrate and a strong base bulky (TBuO, ) what reaction will proceed
E2
If you have a primary substrate and a good nucleophile (CN-, NH2) ), what reaction will proceed
SN2
If you have a secondary alkyl halide and a weak base (Cl-, I-, Br-) what reaction will proceed?
SN2
if you have a secondary alkyl halide and a strong base (tBUO, MeO, EtO)
E2
what reaction does an allylic halide and a benzyllic halide favor and why?
it favors an SN1 And E1 this is because it is highly resonance stabilized
if you have a tertiary alkyl halide, what reaction is favored if you have a weak base
it will favor an SN1 and an E1 in a 50:50 mixture
if you have a tertiary alkyl halide, what reaction will be favored if you have a strong base
it will favor an E2 and have 100% alkene formation