Elimination Flashcards
What are feces and urine?
Urine: body’s liquid waste, also called urination, micturition, voiding
Feces: bowel movement (bm) is body’s solid waste, defecation is excretion of feces
What is urine composed of?
→ turned by kidneys
→ excess water, carbon dioxide, small amounts of solid wastes, and abnormal substances being filtered from blood
Adult average size forms of urine and what does an excess or deficiency of urine cause
→ 500 - 2,400 mL of urine every 24 h
→ excess of body fluid that collects in tissues and often causes puffiness called edema (over hydration)
→ deficiency leads to dehydration
When do we need to pee?
→ urge to urinate triggered when 250 mL of liquid is collected
→ for adults around 400 - 500 ml
→ 6-8 ounces per day
Characteristics of urine: color
Colour: light yellow, amber
Varies with level of hydration
Edema
Too much fluid, over hydration leads to dilute or colourless urine
Orange-brown or concentrated urine
Dehydration
Clarity
→ cloudy if it contains abnormal substances like bacteria, blood, mucous, shreds, pus
→ otherwise fresh urine is transparent or clear
Odour
→ fresh urine has aromatic odour
→ odour increases with concentration
Volume
→ typical amount is 250 - 400 mL for adults
Specific gravity
Most urine hat specific gravity compared to water, of 1.010 to 1.025
Acidity
Slightly alkaline, low pH
Abnormal components
→ may indicate dysfunction or disease somewhere in body
UTI ( urinary tract infections)
→ common, occur when microorganisms contaminate sterile urinary track though urethral opening
→ more common in women than men because female uretura is shorter
Urinary calculi
→ stones that occur in kidney ( renal calculi) or bladder ( cystic bladder )
Formed because of excreted substances by body
→ if stone becomes lodged in ureter, extreme pain in lower back (renal(olic) can happen
Bowel elimination: why?
→ occurs because of gastrointestinal illness or in other body systems
→ bowel responds to smallest change in person’s eating or exercise or illness
Characteristics of feces: colour
→ yellowish brown ( due to presence of bile)
Consistency
→ usually soft and formed
→ if rectum has not been emptied as needed and excess liquid has been absorbed stool will be hard and dry
→ diarrhea will be watery unformed stools
Shape
→ same shape as bowels interior:, round, oval, cylindrical
Odour
→ characteristic odour
Density
→ weight concentration of waste products in relation to water, heavy enough to sink in water
Abnormal components
→ presence mucus or pus in stool indicates inflammation or infection in digestive system
Fecal impaction
→ so hard and dry or putty that cannot be expelled by client, ever after laxatives
→ symptoms include pain in abdomen, feeling of pressure
Patterns of pooping: when does it occur?
→ regular intervals when mass of feces moves into colon through muscular actions intestinal wall, peristalsis
Unique to everyone
→ not necessary to poop everyday
