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FoN 2 > Elimination > Flashcards

Elimination Flashcards

0
Q

Indicates concentrated urine- low fluid intake, vomiting, diarrhea, bilirubin, carotene intake

A

Dark yellow or amber colored urine (abnormal)

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1
Q

Indicates large fluid intake, alcohol use

A

Straw colored urine (abnormal)

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2
Q

Can be caused by certain drugs or foods, blood , disease states, or bilirubin levels

A

Discolored urine (brown, red, smoky)

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3
Q

Golden yellow/ clear, aromatic

A

Normal findings for urine

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4
Q

Indicates pus, fat, unrated, colloids, standing urine

A

Cloudy urine

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5
Q

Can be caused by diabetic ketosis

A

Sweet smelling urine

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6
Q

Can be caused by infection, certain foods

A

Unpleasant smell to urine

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7
Q

Indicates urine left standing

A

Ammonia smell in urine

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8
Q

1.0053-1.030 / density compared to water

A

Normal specific gravity for urine

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9
Q

Renal disfunction

A

Low specific gravity in urine

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10
Q

Indicates Increased anti diuretic hormone secretion from trauma, stress, DM, excessive water loss

A

High specific gravity in urine

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11
Q

4.6-8.0

A

Normal pH for urine

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12
Q

Indicates a diet high in meat protein and noncitrus fruits, certain drugs, and conditions that cause metabolic acidosis

A

Acidic urine

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13
Q

Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis, certain drugs, immobilization, infection with Proteus, and Pseudomonas

A

Alkaline urine

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14
Q

Can be caused by diabetes, pregnancy, adrenal disorders

A

Glucosuria

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15
Q

Glucose in the urine

A

Glucosuria

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16
Q

Protein in the urine

A

Proteinuria

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17
Q

Indicates glomerular damage

A

Persistent proteinuria

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18
Q

Caused by dehydration, fever, exercise, stress, large protein intake

A

Transient protienuria

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19
Q

Indicates faulty carbohydrate metabolism from a fatty diet, dieting

A

Ketonuria

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20
Q

Ketones in the urine

A

Kentonuria

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21
Q

Bacteria in the urine

A

Baceteriuria

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22
Q

Indicates a UTI

A

Bacteriuria

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23
Q

600-1000 ml of fluid

A

What bladder holds

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24
Q

250 ml in the bladder

A

When we usually have desire to void

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25
Q

1200-1500ml

A

Minimum intake/output per day

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26
Q

No less than 30 ml per hr

A

Adequate amount of urine output

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27
Q

Have daytime control, girls learn earlier

A

2-3 yrs old

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28
Q

Highest risk for UTI

A

Young females

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29
Q

Growth and development, dietary intake, sociocultural/psychological, personal habits, muscle tone, traumas, diseases, medications

A

Factors affecting elimination

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30
Q

Decreased blood flow, loosing renal tissue, go more frequently

A

aging adults/ elimination

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31
Q

Promotes urine retention

A

High salt diet

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32
Q

Can damage kidney

A

High protein diet

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33
Q

Can irritate the bladder

A

Alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, teas, spicy foods

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34
Q

Can cause alkaline/acidic effects on urine

A

Certain fruits/vegetables - cranberry juices, meat, milk

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35
Q

Lack of privacy can create anxiety /stress

A

Sociocultural factors affecting urination

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36
Q

Abdominal muscles/ sphincter control can be strengthened

A

Exercise

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37
Q

Exercise, hygiene, timing

A

Personal habits that affect urination

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38
Q

Good abd/pelvic muscles promote

A

Better control of bladder/urination

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39
Q

Severe pain, spinal cord injury, surgery, diagnostic tests, anesthesia

A

Traumas that can affect urination

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40
Q

Tenses up pelvic muscles

A

Pain

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41
Q

Numbs your senses to urinate

A

Anesthesia

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42
Q

Prostatic hyper trophy, UTI, renal diseases, fever/heavy perspiration, DM, MS

A

Diseases that affect urination

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43
Q

Enlarged prostate causes pressure an urethra

A

Prostatic hypertrophy

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44
Q

Affect nerve control

A

DM, MS

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45
Q

Anesthetics/analgesics, diuretics, CV drugs, anticholinergics, antihistamines, antidepressants,antipsychotics

A

Medications that affect urination

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46
Q

Causes retention, hesitancy, difficulty starting stream

A

Anesthetics/analgesics

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47
Q

Increase urine output

A

Diuretics/cardiovascular drugs

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48
Q

causes retention

A

Anticholinergics, antihistamines, anti depressions, antipsychotics

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49
Q

Most people void

A

5 or more times per day

50
Q

Any changes in amounts, frequency or instances of incontinence, changes in characteristics

A

Subjective data to gather on a pt experiencing urinary problems

51
Q

Palpate bladder for

A

Distention

52
Q

Inspect for swelling, discharge or inflammation,

A

Urethral meatus

53
Q

Estimate of fluids intake

A

Why we measure urine output

54
Q

Signifies Significant fluid alteration or kidney disease

A

Large change in urine volume

55
Q

2000-2500 ml/day

A

High output is a concern

56
Q

Color, clarity, odor

A

Assess these when checking urine

57
Q

Timed specimen, begins with empty bladder, need every urination in a 24 hr period

A

24 hr urine

58
Q

Checks specific gravity

A

Urinometer

59
Q

Ability of kidneys to concentrate urine

A

Measuring urine specific gravity

60
Q

Decreased fluid intake

A

Has a higher specific gravity

61
Q

Increased fluid intake

A

Has a lower specific gravity

62
Q

Renal disease causes

A

Lower specific gravity

63
Q

BUN/creatinine, IVP, CT scan, Renal US, cysto

A

Diagnostic tests used for urinary elimination

64
Q

Measures kidneys ability to excrete wastes

A

BUN/Creatinine

65
Q

Xray of urinary tract

A

IVP

66
Q

Helps detect masses

A

Ct scan of kidneys

67
Q

Noninvasive procedure; uses sound waves

A

Renal US

68
Q

Exam of bladder through cystoscope

A

Cysto

69
Q

Retention, incontinence

A

Urinary problems

70
Q

Voids small amounts 2-3x per hr, can retain up to 2000-3000 ml

A

Retention

71
Q

Stress, urge, reflex, functional, mixed

A

Types of incontinence

72
Q

Promote urinary elimination, achieve bladder emptying, maintain skin integrity, prevent infection, bladder training

A

Goals for patients with urinary problems

73
Q

Suggest disorder in small bowel or proximal colon

A

Large diarrhea stools

74
Q

Indicates Disorder of left colon or rectum

A

Small frequent stools with urgency

75
Q

Normally neutral or slightly alkaline

A

pH of stool

76
Q

Black due to digested blood

A

Upper GI bleed

77
Q

Fresh blood in stool

A

Lower GI bleed

78
Q

Diet high in milk products

A

Light brown stool

79
Q

Narrow pencil shaped stool

A

Indicates bowel obstruction

80
Q

Growth and development, aging, diets, physical activity, personal habits, psychological stressors, diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, pathologic conditions, meds

A

Factors influencing bowel elimination

81
Q

Children can’t absorb water as well

A

Growth and development

82
Q

Muscle tone decreased, decline of peristaltic action, decreased abd muscle tone, decreased absorption

A

Aging influencing bowel elimination

83
Q

Decreased amount of bulk/decreased peristalsis

A

Decreased intake that affects bowel elimination

84
Q

Distend intestinal walls leading to flatulence

A

Gas producing foods that affect bowel elimination

85
Q

What foods affect defecation, what foods they typically eat or avoid, usual time of meals

A

What to assess when examining a pt

86
Q

Causes nausea, cramps, bloating, flatulence

A

Lactose intolerance

87
Q

Laxative producing foods, constipation producing fluids, diarrhea/flatulence producing foods

A

Problematic foods

88
Q

Causes constipation

A

Fluid deficits

89
Q

Stimulates peristalsis, increases tone of abd, pelvic and diaphragm muscles

A

Activity

90
Q

Causes constipation

A

Sedentary (sitting a lot) lifestyle

91
Q

Caused by Lack of exercise, immobility, impaired neurological functioning

A

Weak Abd muscles

92
Q

Timing , hospital routine, cultural, lack of toileting facilities, embarrassment, privacy

A

Personal habits that influence bowel elimination

93
Q

Cup of coffee, glass of warm/ cold waster, juice, reading, squatting

A

Habits that trigger peristalsis

94
Q

Increases peristalsis and can cause diarrhea

A

Anger/ anxiety

95
Q

Suppresses urge to go

A

Pain

96
Q

Stress, pain, mental depression, anger, anxiety

A

Psychological stressors affecting bowel elimination

97
Q

Cause diarrhea

A

Bowel preps

98
Q

Cause constipation

A

Contrast mediums(barium)

99
Q

Spinal cord injuries, rumors, adhesions, radiation, pain

A

Pathologic conditions affecting bowel elimination

100
Q

Causes Decreased sensory stimulation to defecate

A

Spinal cord injuries

101
Q

Blocks flow of feces through intestines

A

Tumors

102
Q

Scan lead to obstruction; scar tissue

A

Adhesions

104
Q

Can cause diarrhea

A

Radiation to abd area

105
Q

causes diarrhea, gray-green color

A

antibiotics

106
Q

causes constipation

A

narcotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, diuretics, iron

107
Q

causes white specks or discoloration

A

antacids

108
Q

causes black stools and constipation

A

iron

109
Q

assess frequency, time of day, color, texture, shape, odor, and pattern changes

A

subjective assessment questions

110
Q

inspect, auscultate, measure girth, check rectal area for redness excoriation, and hemorrhoids

A

objective assessment questions

111
Q

age, diet, presence or absence of bile, drugs, bleeding in GI tract

A

factors that affect color of stool

112
Q

C&S, parasites, occult blood, hemoccult

A

diagnostic tests that use stool

113
Q

decreased frequency (less than 3 per week) of bowel movements/prolonged passage of hard, dry stool

A

constipation

114
Q

insufficient fluids, fiber intake, activity, irregular defecation habits, change in daily routine, lack of privacy, chronic use of laxatives or enemas, emotional disturbances

A

things that can cause constipation

115
Q

time, positioning, fluids, prune juice, activity,

A

things that can relieve constipation

116
Q

prolonged retention and accumulation of fecal matter

A

impaction

117
Q

small liquid amounts of stool, rectal pain, frequent nonproductive desire to defecate, feeling of fullness, distention, nausea vomiting,

A

signs of a fecal impaction

118
Q

distends intestines, irritates bowels, increases peristalsis

A

enemas

119
Q

passage of unformed liquid feces, increased frequency of defecation, cramps nausea and vomiting, causes fluid and electrolyte imbalance

A

diarrhea

120
Q

loss of voluntary ability to control fecal discharges through anal sphincter

A

bowel incontinence

121
Q

air or gas in GI tract

A

flatulence

122
Q

action of bacteria, swallowed air, diffused gas from bloodstream into intestine

A

causes of flatulence

123
Q

veins that become distended from pressure and collection of veins . burn and painful

A

hemorrhoids

FoN 2 (4 decks)

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