eLFH - Acid and Bases Flashcards
At which pH do most body enzymes function optimally
At normal pH of intracellular and extracellular compartments
Intracellular pH
7.0
Extracellular pH
7.4
Examples of enzymes which work optimally at different pH to intra/extracellular pH
Proteases in stomach
Acid definition examples
A substance which:
- dissociates in water to form H+ ions
- donates a proton to a solution
- is a potential acceptor of an electron pair
Base definition examples
A substance which:
- accepts a H+ ion
- dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions
pH equation
pH indicator definition
Chemicals which change colour when put into acids or bases
Change in H+ ion concentration changes their spectral properties
Examples of pH indicators
Litmus
Phenolphthalein
Methyl orange
Methyl red
Complete dissociation definition
Characteristic of compounds with ionic bonds - e.g NaCl
#
Dissociates completely in aqueous solution into its component sodium ions and chloride ions
Strong ion definition
Ions that are completely dissociated in aquesous solution
Examples of strong ions in biological solution
Cations:
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Anions:
Cl-
SO4 (sulphate 2-)
Lactate
Weak ion definition
Compounds which dissociate incompletely
Example of weak ion
Carbonic acid with incompletely dissociates into bicarbonate and H+ ions
Dissociation constant (K)
Rate of forward reaction when partial dissociation occurs
Governs proportion of molecular and ionic compound i.e carbonic acid molecules and bicarbonate ions