Eletron Structure/ Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is the principal quantum number (n)?

Answer 1

The principal quantum number (n) indicates the main energy level or shell of an electron.

Question 2

True or False: The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula 2n².

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The angular momentum quantum number (l) determines the shape of the electron’s orbital and can take on values from ____ to ____.

Answer 3

0 to n-1

Question 4

What does the magnetic quantum number (mₗ) specify?

Answer 4

The magnetic quantum number (mₗ) specifies the orientation of the orbital in space.

Question 5

What is the maximum number of orbitals in a given energy level?

Answer 5

The maximum number of orbitals in a given energy level is n².

Question 6

Which quantum number describes the spin of an electron?

Answer 6

The spin quantum number (mₛ) describes the spin of an electron.

Question 7

True or False: Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, known as the Aufbau principle.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is Hund’s rule?

Answer 8

Hund’s rule states that electrons will occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of ____ quantum numbers.

Answer 9

four

Question 10

What is the shape of an s orbital?

Answer 10

An s orbital has a spherical shape.

Question 11

How many electrons can a p orbital hold?

Answer 11

A p orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons.

Question 12

What is the shape of a d orbital?

Answer 12

A d orbital has a cloverleaf shape.

Question 13

True or False: The f orbitals are more complex and can hold up to 14 electrons.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the electron configuration for oxygen (atomic number 8)?

Answer 14

1s² 2s² 2p⁴

Question 15

Fill in the blank: In the electron configuration, the notation 3d² indicates that there are ____ electrons in the 3d subshell.

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What is the significance of valence electrons?

Answer 16

Valence electrons determine the chemical properties and reactivity of an element.

Question 17

True or False: Transition metals can have variable oxidation states due to the involvement of d electrons.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is an ion?

Answer 18

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net charge.

Question 19

What is the electron configuration of a sodium ion (Na⁺)?

Answer 19

1s² 2s² 2p⁶

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of ____ electrons.

Answer 20

8

Question 21

What is a noble gas configuration?

Answer 21

A noble gas configuration refers to an electron arrangement that is similar to that of the nearest noble gas, often resulting in increased stability.

Question 22

True or False: Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?

Answer 23

Ionization energy

Question 24

What does the term ‘electronegativity’ refer to?

Answer 24

Electronegativity refers to the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number, which corresponds to the number of ____ in the nucleus.

Answer 25

protons

Question 26

What is the primary factor that determines the chemical behavior of an element?

Answer 26

The arrangement and number of electrons, particularly the valence electrons.