Eletron Structure/ Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is the principal quantum number (n)?
The principal quantum number (n) indicates the main energy level or shell of an electron.
True or False: The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula 2n².
True
Fill in the blank: The angular momentum quantum number (l) determines the shape of the electron’s orbital and can take on values from ____ to ____.
0 to n-1
What does the magnetic quantum number (mₗ) specify?
The magnetic quantum number (mₗ) specifies the orientation of the orbital in space.
What is the maximum number of orbitals in a given energy level?
The maximum number of orbitals in a given energy level is n².
Which quantum number describes the spin of an electron?
The spin quantum number (mₛ) describes the spin of an electron.
True or False: Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, known as the Aufbau principle.
True
What is Hund’s rule?
Hund’s rule states that electrons will occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up.
Fill in the blank: The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of ____ quantum numbers.
four
What is the shape of an s orbital?
An s orbital has a spherical shape.
How many electrons can a p orbital hold?
A p orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons.
What is the shape of a d orbital?
A d orbital has a cloverleaf shape.
True or False: The f orbitals are more complex and can hold up to 14 electrons.
True
What is the electron configuration for oxygen (atomic number 8)?
1s² 2s² 2p⁴
Fill in the blank: In the electron configuration, the notation 3d² indicates that there are ____ electrons in the 3d subshell.
2
What is the significance of valence electrons?
Valence electrons determine the chemical properties and reactivity of an element.
True or False: Transition metals can have variable oxidation states due to the involvement of d electrons.
True
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net charge.
What is the electron configuration of a sodium ion (Na⁺)?
1s² 2s² 2p⁶
Fill in the blank: The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of ____ electrons.
8
What is a noble gas configuration?
A noble gas configuration refers to an electron arrangement that is similar to that of the nearest noble gas, often resulting in increased stability.
True or False: Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.
True
What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?
Ionization energy
What does the term ‘electronegativity’ refer to?
Electronegativity refers to the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Fill in the blank: The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number, which corresponds to the number of ____ in the nucleus.
protons
What is the primary factor that determines the chemical behavior of an element?
The arrangement and number of electrons, particularly the valence electrons.
