Elements & Physical/Chemical Properties (Yr_8) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main ideas of elements?

A
  • one type of atom
  • pure substance
  • building blocks of the universe
  • atoms within all have the same structure
  • cannot be broken down into different elements
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2
Q

What are unstable elements?

A
  • highly radioactive
  • about 20
  • too big to be stable
  • breaks down immediately after being formed
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3
Q

Organising elements in the periodic table:

A
  • organised in order of their atomic number
  • created by Dimitri Mendeleev
  • grouped according to similar properties
  • horizontal periods
  • vertical are groups
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3
Q

Atoms & properties

A

An element’s properties are determined by the nature of their atoms.

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3
Q

Different types of elements in the periodic table:

A

Metals on the left
Non-metals on the right
Metalloids in the middle with properties of both metals and non-metals

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3
Q

What is the atomic number determined by?

A

The amount of protons in the nucleus.

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3
Q

Element symbols:

A

Elements can be represented by symbols
one or two letters which usually relate to the element’s name

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3
Q

How are elements classified?

A

They are classified by their chemical properties aka. how they react with other substances

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4
Q

What are compounds?

A

Compounds are made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined in a specific ratio.

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5
Q

Formulas

A

A formula is just a chemical shorthand for the compound.
The subset shows how many atoms are present.

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6
Q

What are molecules?

A

A molecules formed by two or more atoms

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7
Q

What are diatomic molecules?

A

Molecules formed by two of the same atom.

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8
Q

What are some physical properties?

A

Boiling/melting point
density
viscosity
malleability
conductivity
ductility

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9
Q

What are some chemical properties?

A

How reactive a chemical substance is
flammability
corrosiveness
toxicity
half life
vaporisation

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10
Q

How does arrangement of particles change?

A

Particles rearrange to change shape

Particles break and create bonds which could change state

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11
Q

How does reversibility change?

A

Physical changes are reversible

chemical changes are irreversible

12
Q

How does conservation of mass change?

A

The mass normally doesn’t change.

Mass normally changes

13
Q

How does energy change?

A

There are energy changes to change state, like water and ice

There are energy changes which break and create new bonds.

14
Q

What is a physical change?

A
  • does not change identity of substance
  • change size, shape and mass
  • different form
15
Q

What is a chemical change?

A
  • two or more substances combined
  • entirely new substance
  • unable to be reversed
16
Q

What are the signs of a chemical change?

A
  • fizzes or bubbles
  • colour change
  • heat given off
  • light given off
  • odor
  • new substance formed
    heat required
17
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

Gives out excess heat

18
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

Uses heat to carry out reaction