elements of social construction of society Flashcards
what is an ingroup
ppl ushare social characteristics w/ smth in common + members of a society–> age, ehtnicity
how is a society constitutued
by the concept of ingroup and outgroup
ppl consider themselces as having smth in common w others in their society BUT consider themselces different from other ppl in other societues
what is an outgroup
those ppl thaat differ from u in social aspects –> might belong to a diff race
every soceity is defined by 2 things?
physical space
mental space
what is a physical and mental space?
phy space is the border from where one society begins and ends
mental space are the belief systems that make a socety making it differ from other societies
what does material culture include
physical objects that reflect interests and skills of a society
tangable objects that have a BASIC fucnction and a LATENT function
denote culture
what are the 2 elements of culture?
material culture
non material culture
what does non material culture include
knowledge + beleifs held by particular comminity
traditional + historical factors
define the term cultrure
way of life of a soceity
include norms + values + customs + beleifs that are taught through primary and secondary socialization
passed down from one generation to the next
non material elememt of culture further branches into?
roles
values
norms
customs
beleifs
what are roles
expected and labbeled patterms of behavior –> expected in each social interaction
in order to foster corportion for sucessful performances in certian tasks
diff roles involve diff demands
what is role conflict
where 2 behaiors in diffrent surroundings clash with each other
what are norms
state 2 studuws you can use
specific rules that dictate how ppl should act in a particular situation
goffman 1959–> norms more open to interpretation and negotioation rsther than values and roles
MERTON—> nehavior becomes risky if predictabliity and order cease to exist –> leading to anomie
define the term anomie
condition where ppl fail to understand norms operating inparticular situation
leading to range of reactions from confusion fear anger
deifne the term values
expectations that provide sense of order + predictabliity
giudlines of behavior
They don’t guide behaviour at a bigger spectrum
WHEN VALUES APPLIED IN PART SITIAUTION THEY RESULT INTO NORMS ‘
define the term customs
estsblished + accepted cultural practices + behaviors
what doe the term beleifs mean
important deep rooted ideas that shape our values
Value systems form belief systems
Belief systems are more generic guidelines
are the ideas+opninions + veiws + attitudews that may not may not be factually true
what does the term socialization mean
The process of learning through which ppl learn various forms
Of behaviour that go w membership of part society
Learn norms values and customs in order to be fully functional and active members of society
What does total institution mean
Controls all aspects of residents life
Completely re socialise
Develop new norms values using rewards and punishments
