Elements of Art Flashcards
Elements of Art
Perspective Light Color Form Motion Proportion Symbols Lines
way in which artists create an illusion of depth on a flat surface.
• One of the ways to create this illusion is to make the objects that are far away smaller than those that are closer to the viewer.
Perspective
Just as stage designers use lighting to spotlight a performer, painters will often highlight important elements in paintings
Light
Use of different _________ provide emphasis, emotion, etc. Often ____________ highlight parts of an image to draw specific attention to it.
Color
gives meaning, value, intensity and saturation to an object. It has series of wave lengths which strikes our retina.
Color (Hue)
Death, despair, gloom, sorrow
Black
Infinity, freedom, calmness
Blue
Humility
Brown
Nature, freshness, prosperity, hope, money
Green
Sweetness, cheerfullness
Orange
Feminity, love
Pink
Bravery, energy, passion, war, warm
Red
Royalty, dull
Violet
Purity, clarity, simplicity, virginity, peace
White
Joyful, life, vibrant, sunshine, happiness
Yellow
Properties of colors
Value
Saturation
lightness, brightness, darkness of color
Value
degree of quality, purity, and strength such as scarlet and indigo. 2 to 3 colors in things
Saturation
Classification of Colors
Primary Colors
Secondary Colors
Intermediate Colors
Tertiary Colors
colors that cannot be formed from mixtures because they are pure colors.
Example: red, blue and yellow.
Primary Colors
colors form out of combination of two primary colors.
Example:
Blue + Yellow = Green Red + Blue = Violet Red + Yellow = Orange
Secondary Colors
colors form out of mixing one primary and Example: Yellow \+ Violet Red + one secondary. \+ Green = Yellow green Red = Red violet Orange = Redorange
Intermediate Colors
form out of combination of two secondary colors.
Example:
Orange + purple = russet Orange + green = citron Purple + green = olives
Tertiary Colors
By using light and shadows, artists give volume to their subjects.
• One way one can give figures three-dimensional form is to reflect light off their bodies and paint shadows cast by them.
Form
It is through light and shadow that we see form. We visually use the information created from the interplay of light and shadow to understand the shape, size, and mass of an object.
Light and Shadow
Follows a path
directional and it moves in a straight
path emanating away from a point of origin.
Light
strongest or brightest on the area of the surface that is closest to the light source
Light
gradually weakens in strength as the surface moves away from that source
Light
Brightest part of the surface
Highlight
darkest part of the surface; the area of the surface that is furthest from the light source while remaining in the light side of the object.
middle tone area
the two kinds of _____________behave differently
• The edge of a form shadow gradually transitions from the light side of the surface to the shadow side.
• This transition makes the edge of the form shadow appear softer, creating a soft edge
Shadow
Depicting __________ is a technique painters use to keep our attention focused on the picture
Motion
usually refers to the way different elements in a painting relate to each other in terms of size.
Proportion
Many artists include items that symbolize other items, emotions, beliefs, ideas.
Symbols
An identifiable path of a point moving in space. It can vary in width, direction, and length.
Lines
- represent figures and forms • always have direction
- always moving
- may be straight or curved
Line
efficiency, simplicity & strength; always with flexibility, buoyancy & grace; moves in 1 direction
Straight
- lines of repose and serenity
- express ideas of calmness and order
- reclining persons, landscapes, calm bodies of water, and in the distant meeting of the earth & sky (horizon)
Horizontal Lines
– lines poised for action
- suggest poise, balance, force, aspiration, exaltation and dynamism
- tend to express as well as arouse emotions of exaltation
- e.g. man standing straight, tall tree, statues of saints and heroes
Vertical Lines
- suggest action, life and movement
- give animation to any composition in which they appear
- e.g. running person
Diagonal Lines
- suggest grace, subtleness, direction, instability, movement, flexibility, joyousness and grace
- they are never harsh or stern since they are formed by a gradual change in direction
Curved Lines
Express energy, violence, conflict and struggle
Crooked and Jagged Lines
- is any image that consists of distinct straight and curved lines placed against a (usually plain) background, without gradations in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects. Line art can use lines of different colors, although line art is usually monochromatic.
Line art
emphasizes form and outline, over color, shading, and texture. However, areas of solid pigment and dots can also be used in addition to lines. The lines in a piece of line art may be all of a constant width (as in some pencil drawings), of several (few) constant widths (as in technical illustrations), or of freely varying widths (as in brush work or engraving).
Line art
Before the development of photography and of halftones, ______________
was the standard format for illustrations to be used in print publications, using black ink on white paper. Using either stippling or hatching, shades of gray could also be simulated.
Line art
the path made by a moving point
Line
Characteristics of line
Weight
Speed
density
rhythm
Primary Colors
Red
Yellow
Blue
When two primaries are mixed they form secondary colors:
Purple
Green
Orange
Defining properties of color
Hue
Value
Chroma
The quality by which we distinguish
one color from another, as a red from a yellow, a green, a blue or a purple.
Hue
- Albert Munsell
The quality by which we distinguish a light color from a dark one.
refers to the lightness or darkness of A line or tone
Value
- Albert Munsell
is the measurement of how pure a Hue is.
Chroma
- Albert Munsell
Harmonies and Discords
The most common color schemes are:
Monochromatic
Complementary
Analogous
color schemes use one dominant color
Monochromatic
color schemes use colors opposite each other on the color Wheel
Complementary
Color Schemes are colors next to each other on the color Wheel
Analogous
refers to the arrangement of elements within the frame
Composition
• A color element that deals more directly with the sense of touch
• Characteristic of surfaces
• Rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny
or dull, plain or irregular
• Best appreciated when an object is felt with hands
Texture
- refers to the amount of space occupied in 3 dimensions
* Refers to solidity or thickness
Volume
Different types of Photography
Advertising Photography Editorial Photography Photojournalism Portrait and Wedding Photography Fine Art Photography
illustrates a service or product; images generally done with an advertising company
Advertising Photography
illustrates a story or idea within the context of a magazine
Editorial Photography
used for journalism work; photographs accepted as a documentation of a news story
Photojournalism
made and sold directly to the end user of the images
Portrait and Wedding Photography
creative production of images using the camera, special lighting and other effects used for artistic expression
Fine Art Photography
Photography requires:
The subject Background and Foreground Rule of Thirds Lighting Motion
main focus of your photograph (sharpest object)
The subject
what is behind & in front of the subject; should enhance beauty
Background and Foreground
artistic composition; the arrangement of elements within the frame
Rule of Thirds
avoid strong direct light on your subject and dark shadows; check the lighting of the background in relation to your subject
Lighting
a fast shutter speed can freeze a motion; a slow shutter speed can make the image appear blurred
Motion
Elements of Performing Arts
Music
Dance
Literature
Music
- Rhythm
- Melody
- Pitch
- Harmony
- Tempo
- Dynamics
- Timbre
Dance
- Theme
- Design
- Movement
- Technique
- Music
- Costume
- Choreography
- Scenery
Literature
- Emotional Appeal
- Intellectual Appeal
- Humanistic Appeal
Elements of Drama
• PLOT •CHARACTER/ DRAMATICS PERSONAE • CONFLICT • IRONY •THEME OR IDEA • CLIMAX • MUSIC AND SPECTACLE • COSTUMES AND MAKE-UP • DIALOGUE • SETTING, SCENERY AND LIGHTING
Elements of Cinema
Script or narrative Acting Production design Staging or directing Cinematography Editing Sound design
•The basic element of music
• Variation of length & accentuation of a
series of sounds
Rhythm
Most fundamental component.
The recurrent pulse found in most music
Beat
- Associated with mental motion
- Memory element
- pitches or tones sounded one after another in a logical meaningful series
- Succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give a musical sense
Melody
Highness or lowness of sound
Pitch
•Manner of sound combination wherein we add subordinate sounds to enhance
the quality of the main sounds
• The sounding of a series or group of tones at the same time or simultaneously
Harmony
- Refers to the speed of a certain musical piece
- Measured by a device by the musical notes given half or full values
- May be slow, quick or moderate
Tempo
- Refers to the amount, strength, or volume of the sound
* The degree of variations of sonority and force with which the music is played from soft to loud
Dynamics
- Refers to tone quality
* Helps differentiate one type of voice from another or one instrument from another
Timbre
- Correct posture
- Correct breathing
- Correct placement of the voice • Correct diction
- Correct interpretation
The vocal music
Elements of Dance
Theme Design Movement Technique Music Costume and Body Paraphernalia Choreography Scenery
Conveys the message of a dance
Theme
pattern of movement in time and space
Design
bodily actions of the dancer that include steps, gestures of the arms, hands and body, and facial expression
Movement
skill of movement executed by the dancer
Technique
auditory background
Music
refers to the figures & steps in dancing that enable the dancers to perform in an organized manner
Choreography
background or setting where the dance is performed
Scenery
