Art through the Ages Flashcards
Around 30,000 BC- 3rd Century BC
Prehistoric Period
_________: Before
_________: Written History
Pre
Historic
- time before writing
- without written records
- works themselves and archaeological evidence
Prehistoric
► Prehistoric artifacts have been found widely spread throughout ______________
Europe, Russia, Africa and China
Prehistoric art is divided into three:
Paleolithic Period
Mesolithic Period
Neolithic Period
known as the OLD STONE AGE, from 30,000 - 10,000 B.C. The earliest period of the Stone Age
Paleolithic Period
transitional period of change
Mesolithic Period
known as the NEW STONE AGE, from 8,000 - 5,000 B.C.
Neolithic Period
- begins with the first use of stone tools
- end of the last ice age.
- The systematic burial of the dead, the music, early art, and the use of increasingly sophisticated multi-part tools are highlights of the Middle ___________
Paleolithic Art/Period
> migratory hunters
gatherers
relied heavily on the animals in the area for food, clothing, shelter and tools.
Lives of Paleolithic Ancestors
No ____________ language
> __________________ as symbols to communicate.
> Even today we are using different pictures to communicate to people who speak _______________
Written
PICTOGRAPHS or picture
Different languages
Four boys searching for a lost dog also discovered paintings at ________________
Created around 15,000 - 13,000 BC which would make them about ___________ years old.
Lascaux, France in 1940.
17,000
7 Chambers:
- Great Hall of the Bulls
- Painted Gallery
- Lateral Passage
- Chamber of Engravings
- Main Gallery
- Chamber of Felines
- Shaft of the Dead Man
> most impressive.
composed of horses, bulls, and stags. > animals have been painted over,
suggesting that different groups of people might have lived in this same cave.
Hall of the Bulls
The painting in the ____________________ is unusual because the human figure is not normally drawn. This scene shows the image of a man that appears to have been killed by the bison.
Shaft of the Dead Man
Subjects of Paleolithic Art
> Animals (bison, horses, deer and
lions).
People were only represented as “stick” figures
Different techniques used in Paleolithic:
Pigments were ground up and mixed with animal fat, blood, oils, bone marrow or saliva.
> They were blown , applied or painted on with a stick or a sharp object or by a finger.
Techniques:
Dark lines outlining the contour of the animals
Earth colors (from natural pigments) Smudging to fill in shapes
Flat shapes
Why did they paint the cave?
What do the paintings mean?
► animals that were around at that time
► Instructions on how to hunt or not to hunt
► The cave was used for religious ceremonies.
► Paintings were for good luck in hunting
Researchers think that this horse was part of a magic hunting ritual. They believe that the artists threw spears at the horse because there are marks on the walls of the cave.
Lascaux Cave
Rooms with paintings
Hall of the Bulls
” means “New Stone Age.“
- period of primitive technological and social development, toward the end of the “Stone Age.“
- development of early villages, agriculture, animal domestication, tools and the onset of the earliest recorded incidents of warfare.
Neolithic Art
The Ice recedes from Northern Europe c. 9000 BCE
– Climate grew warmer, reindeer migrated north; wooly mammoth and Rhinoceros disappeared.
Changing Environment and Lifestyle
Settled in fixed abodes and domesticated animals and plants.
Neolithic
Oldest communities near the Tigris &
Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. (now, part of modern day Syria/Iraq)
Beginning of Agriculture
systematic agriculture, weaving, metalworking, pottery, and counting & recording with tokens.
Neolithic innovations
> represented by a number of large and varied collections of objects found in vast isolated areas in Eastern Europe, Siberia and Central Asia.
Neolithic Art
_________ everyday objects reveal that fishing and hunting were the main occupations of the inhabitants of the forest territories. ___________ people decorated clay vessels in a wide variety of ways, created bone, horn and wooden figurines of people and animals.
Neolithic
Noteworthy are a number of articles intended for ___________; these are polished stone axe-hammers, one end terminating with a bear’s or elk’s head executed with a considerable degree of __________.
Tribal cults
Realism
There were small ___________ of people, animals and birds, which are schematic and stylized and were probably used as _____________.
Flint figurines
Amulets
An array of Neolithic artifacts, including…
bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools.
Art of a monumental character was familiar to these tribes. On the coast of the ___________________, a large number of ____________ were etched into the rock surface.
White Sea and on the eastern shores of Lake Onega
Petroglyphs
The petroglyphs are executed in various manners: there are…
realistic and symbolic petroglyphs, and outline drawings but most are silhouettes.
Neolithic Art:
Sculpture at Ain Ghazal
_______________, near Amman, Jordan. 8-6th mil.
Homes of irregularly shaped stones, plastered, painted walls and floors.
Neolithic Settlement
___________: Mid- 7th mil.
Appears to be a ritual burial.
Plaster over a core of reeds and twine.
Orange & black hair, clothing and some body painting. Gender was rarely indicated
Beginning of monumental sculptures [3ft.]
Plaster Statues
Materials from the Maikop burial mound in the Northern Caucasus relate to the Age of Metal, the mid-3rd century BC, and are regarded as among the most important pieces in the archaeological collection. A lavishly dressed nomadic chief was found in this burial mound, his head crowned with two gold diadems, with a heavy necklace consisting of several rows of beads in gold, sard and turquoise.
The Neolithic and Bronze Ages
Over the body was a canopy decorated with _____________, the canopy supported on four hollow silver rods inserted into ______________________.
plaques in the form of a lion
four cast figures of bulls, two of gold and two of bronze.
Gold and silver vessels found in this burial mound are of _____________. One of them is decorated with chased representations of a landscape, both seen from land level and a _______________. The mound also contained copper and stone tools and flint arrow.
particular interest
bird’s-eye view
Paintings focused on ___________ and other rudimentary materials… HUNTING
Drawn on caves, stones and on earth- filled ground
Cave paintings in Altamira in Spain occurred between 15,000 – 10,000 BC
Prehistorical Painting 40,000-9,000 BC
animal spear
__________ peoples from 30,000 BCE are currently known as the world’s first artists.
• They lived in _________ when it was cold.
• Hunted animals for food, clothing, tools, and shelter
Cro-Magnon
Caves
In the autumn of 1879, Spanish nobleman and amateur archeologist ___________________, set out to explore a cave in the hillside of Altamira, not far from the family estate in northern Spain. As a gentleman scholar, De Sautuola took a serious interest in finding out more about the _______________.
Marcelino Sanz de Sautuloa and his young daughter, Maria
prehistoric past.
_______ had just become the first modern human to set eyes on the first gallery of prehistoric paintings ever to be discovered.
Maria
__________ are found all over the world. Western Europe, primarily Southern France and Northern Spain, are rich with caves containing __________ wall paintings.
Cave Paintings
Stone Age
_________ have been found to include line drawings in charcoal and red ochre, painted images, and negative images, which are formed by painting the rock area around an object, such as a hand.
Rock paintings
The face of the dead man is represented by a ________, but it is the __________. Perhaps they did not want to portray a human face, thinking that it might take the soul.
bird’s face
body of a human.
3 theories why they painted on the walls:
- to decorate the cave and chose animals because they were important to their existence.
- considered it magic that will help the hunters.
- Prehistoric man documented their hunting expeditions.
Prehistoric people would have used natural objects to paint the walls of the caves.
To etch into the rock, they could have used sharp tools or a spear.
The paint or color that they probably used was from berries, clay, soot, or charcoal.
Method of Painting
The tools used to apply the paint could have been made by attaching _________________. They might have used hollow bones or reeds to spray the color on, similar to an airbrush technique.
straw, leaves, moss, or hair to sticks.
consisted of rude forms carved in stones & woods in order to produce figures and images to commemorate heroes & heroines & perpetuate the memory of men
Prehistoric Sculpture
The oldest traces of early man – tools made of stone (200,000 years old)
One of the earliest pieces of sculpture – Venus of Willendorf in Central Europe (30,000 – 25,000 BC)
Sculpture
> is an ivory carving of a lion-headed figure, and is recognized as the oldest known anthropomorphic animal carving in the world. It was discovered in a cave in Hohlenstein Mountain, located in the Swabian Jura of southwest Germany.
Lion Man of Hohlenstein Stadel (30,000 BCE)
__________ were carved out of rock. Each one is about two feet long. 12,000 BCE
__________was carved out Of a reindeer horn. It’s About four inches long. 12,000BCE
Bison
Neolithic Age, the New Stone Age (8000-3000 BC)
Beginning of Architecture
man used caves for shelter & most probably for religious ceremonie
Before Neolithic (Paleolithic & Mesolithic Periods),
___________________ 28,000-8,000 BC Located in Southern Spain
Las Cuevas de Las Piletas
A prehistoric rock monument.
Made of _________ - large rocks.
Very mysterious-align with the sun- cast shadows during solstices and may have been a type of calendar.
Created over time around _______
There are other stone circles but this is the most famous
Stonehenge
Monoliths
2,000 BCE
