Elements Compounds And Mixtures

Question 1

Define element

Answer 1

A substance that consists of only one type of atom. Elements can not be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Question 2

Name three compounds

Answer 2

Sodium chloride
Ethanol
Calcium carbonate

Question 3

Name three mixtures

Answer 3

Rock salt
Sugar solution
Air

Question 4

Define solute

Answer 4

A solid that dissolves

Question 5

Draw and label a diagram below to illustrate filtration

Answer 5

Residue 
Filter paper
Clamp
Filtration funnel
Beaker

Question 7

Describe how mixtures are separated using filtration

Answer 7

When the substances in a mixture have different particle sizes, they are separated by filtration. The mixture is poured through a filter funnel. The smaller particles slip through the holes, but the larger particles do not

Question 8

Define solvent

Answer 8

A substance that doesn’t change its state during dissolving e.g water

Question 10

Define residue

Answer 10

Solid particles trapped in filter paper e.g sand

Question 13

Describe how fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures

Answer 13

Fractional distillation separates liquids one by one as they boil.

Question 14

WOULD water or ethanol in fractional distillation be evaporated first and why?

Answer 14

Ethanol because its boiling point is 78 and water’s is 100

Question 15

Define filtrate

Answer 15

Liquid particles that pass through the filter paper

Question 17

How would you separate rock salt

Answer 17

Using filtration. Putting the rock salt into water dissolves the salt and it will drip through the filter paper but the rock will get stuck

Question 18

Define soluble

Answer 18

A substance that dissolves in water e.g salt or sugar

Question 19

Define miscible

Answer 19

A liquid that mixes easily in another liquid e.g ethanol and water

Question 20

Describe how mixtures are separated using paper chromatography

Answer 20

A drop of colouring is put onto filter paper. The edge of the filter paper is dipped in water. As the water flows up through the paper, it carries the colours with it. Some colours travel faster than others, so the substances split into different coloured bands.

Question 21

Name three properties of non metals

Answer 21

Poor electoral and thermal conductors
Dull
Brittle solids

Question 22

Define immiscle

Answer 22

A liquid that does not mix easily in another liquid e.g oil and water

Question 23

Describe how mixtures are separated using distillation

Answer 23

In distillation, a mixture of liquids are heated in a flask. The liquid with the lower boiling point evaporates first, and is condensed and collected. The liquid with the higher boiling point and any solid particles are left behind in the flask.

Question 24

Draw and label a diagram to illustrate recrystallisation evaporation

Answer 24

Evaporation base
Solution
Gauze
Bunsen burner
Tripod
Heat proof mat

Question 30

Define mixture

Answer 30

Consists of two or more substances that are usually easy to separate

Question 32

Define distillate

Answer 32

The liquid that condenses during distillation and is collected

Question 37

Define compound

Answer 37

A substance that consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together