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Chemistry Secondary 3 > Elements. compounds and mixtures > Flashcards

Elements. compounds and mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

Define element?

A

Element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical means.

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2
Q

As we go from left to right, elements change from __ to __.

A

Metallic to non-metallic.

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3
Q

Does the metallic property decrease or increase as we go from left to right in the periodic table?

A

The metallic properties decreases.

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of substances learned in chemistry?

A

Element. compounds and mixtures

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of particles learned in chemistry?

A

Atoms, molecules and ions.

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6
Q

A substance is composed of only one type of atom, is the substance considered an element?

A

Yes it is, as an element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.

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7
Q

Why are elements the building blocks of life?

A

Because elements alone/ or in combination, make up the entire universe such as sun, Earth, and all living things and non-living things.

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8
Q

What is the highest percentage of elements in both earth’s curst and human body?

A

Oxygen.

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9
Q

Why are elements pure substances?

A

Elements cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical means and methods.

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10
Q

What are the elements that have both properties of metals and non-metals? And what is the special term used for those elements?

A

Silicon, germanium, boron and arsenic. They are called metalloids.

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11
Q

What is the difference between metals and non-metals of elements?

A

1) Metal elements are shiny, lustrous. Non-metals are dull (not bright) if solid.
2) Metals are solid at R.T.P (except mercury). Non-metals are mostly liquids or gas at R.T.P
3) Metals have high density except for Group I elements. Non metals are low in density.
4) Metals have high melting point (except group 1 elements and mercury). Non-metals have low boiling point (except for carbon and silicon).
5) Metal is both malleable and ductile. However, non-metals are brittle (for solids) which are easily broken when hammered.
6) Metals are sonorous but non-metals are not sonorous.
7) Metals are good conductor of electricity but non-metals are poor conductors of electricity except carbon (graphite).
8) Metals are good conductors of heat but non-metals are poor conductors of heat except carbon.

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12
Q

Is Sodium Carbonate mixture of compounds or just compounds?

A

Compounds. [Na2CO3]

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13
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. They are not reversible.

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14
Q

Is graphite a metal?

A

No, graphite is not a metal. It is carbon, and hence a non-metal.

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15
Q

What type of gas in the periodic table are monoatomic?

A

Noble gas.

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16
Q

Why are noble gas monoatomic?

A

The name noble gas is given to them because they do not react with other elements. They are not reactive because of their electronic configuration. Due to this high stability, the noble gas atoms do not combine with other atoms. So, they do not form bonds with any other atoms and hence they are always monoatomic.

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17
Q

Sulfur, S8 is an atom with a combination of 8 atoms, what is a special term used on them?

A

Polyatomic molecules.

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18
Q

Name the elements that are diatomic?

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, nitrogen and halogens.

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19
Q

What are halogens?

A

They are reactive non-metallic elements that form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen from which simple salts can be made.

20
Q

Is air a compound, mixture of elements or mixture of elements and compounds?

A

Air is a mixture of element, and compounds. They contain gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide (compound).

21
Q

Name one element that is a triatomic molecule?

A

Ozone (O3)

22
Q

Define compound and give an example of it?

A

A compound is a pure substance made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

23
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of a compound?

A

1) A chemical reaction takes place when a compound is formed, there is a energy change.
2) A compound has a fixed composition by mass.
3) A compound has different physical and chemical properties from its components.
4) A compound can only be separated by chemical means.
5) A compound has a fixed melting and boiling point.
6) A compound is made up of at least 2 types of atom chemically combined.

24
Q

What is the chemical formula of water and what are the elements present in it?

A

Chemical formula: H2O

Elements present: Hydrogen, oxygen

25
Q

What is the chemical formula of sodium chloride and what are the elements present in it?

A

Chemical formula: NaCl

Elements present: Sodium, chlorine

26
Q

What is the chemical formula of methane and what are the elements present in it?

A

Chemical formula: CH4

Elements present: Carbon and hydrogen

27
Q

What is the chemical formula of Ammonia and what are the elements present in it?

A

Chemical formula: NH3

Elements: Nitrogen and hydrogen

28
Q

What is the chemical formula of carbon dioxide and what elements are present in it?

A

Chemical formula: CO2

Elements: Carbon and oxygen

29
Q

What is the chemical formula for ethanol and what elements are present in it?

A

Chemical formula: C2H5OH

Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

30
Q

Is mixture pure?

A

No, mixture is not pure.

31
Q

Define mixture?

A

Mixture is an impure substance made up of 2 or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

32
Q

Is sugar solution a compound or a metal?

A

No it is a mixture. It is composed of sugar and water.

33
Q

What are the properties of mixtures?

A

1) Mixture has no chemical reactions taking place when a mixture is formed.

2) A mixture has a variable composition by mass.
For example: Salt solution can have different amounts of salt dissolved in water.

3) A mixture has the same chemical properties as its components.
For example: steel which contains iron, can react with acid.

4) A mixture can be separated by physical means like filtration, evaporation, crystallization, chromatography, simple distillation and fractional distillation.
5) A mixture has a variable melting and boiling point. They have a range of temperatures for them to melt and boil.

34
Q

Which types of mixtures can conduct electricity?

A

Alloys.

35
Q

Is carbon a good conductor of heat, and can it conduct electricity?

A

Yes.

36
Q

What are the 3 criteria’s to determine a substance’s physical property?

A

Melting point/ freezing point, boiling point and purity.

37
Q

What are the nature of mixtures?

A

1) Element and element (Alloys, oxygen gas with argon gas)
2) Element and compound (Air, helium with carbon dioxide)

3) Compound and compound (sugar solution, salt solution and alcohol in water)

38
Q

Molecules of compound or molecules of element?

A

molecules of compound.

39
Q

Atoms of elements or molecule of atoms?

A

Atoms of elements.

40
Q

What are the properties of elements?

A

1) Fixed composition by mass.
2) Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
3) Fixed melting or boiling points
4) Only metals and carbon (graphite) can conduct electricity.

41
Q

What is an molecule of element?

A

Molecule of elements are pure substances made up of 2 or more atoms of the same type chemically joined together.

42
Q

what is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.

43
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule consist of 2 or more atoms chemically joined together.

44
Q

What are compounds made of?

A

They are made of molecules/ ions.

45
Q

What is the difference between molecules of an element and molecules of a compound?

A

Molecules of an element consist of the same type of atoms joined together.

Molecules of compound consist of different types of atoms joined together.

Chemistry Secondary 3 (9 decks)

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