Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What are the properties of noble- gases?

Answer 1

1) Unreactive and stable
2) Do not combine with other atoms/ form compounds
3) Fully filled outer electron shell (duplet/ octet)

Question 2

What is the definition of chemical bonding?

Answer 2

1) A process
2) Atoms transfer or share electrons with another atom
3) Obtain a completely filled outermost electron shell

Question 3

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 3

1) Strong electrostatic force of attraction
2) between non-metals and metals
3) to obtain a fully filled outermost electron shell

Question 4

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 4

1) electrostatic forces of attraction
2) between 2 non-metals
3) to obtain a fully filled outermost electron shell

Question 5

What are metallic bonds?

Answer 5

1) Electrostatic Force of attraction
2) between metal ions and the sea of delocalised valence electrons

Question 6

What is the definition of ions?

Answer 6

1) Charged particles
2) formed from atom/ group of atom
3) by loss or gain of electrons

Question 7

Do cations gain or lose electrons?

Answer 7

lose electrons

Question 8

Is this statement true?
“metals gain electrons.”

Answer 8

No. Metals lose electrons (cations) (+)

Question 9

What is valency?

Answer 9

It is the number of electrons an atom uses to form bonds

Question 10

What is the name of the anion of hydrogen?

Answer 10

Hydride (H-)

Question 11

Why are all atoms electrically neutral?

Answer 11

1)They have the same number of protons and electrons.

2) Total number of positive charged protons neutralised by equal number of negatively charged electrons.

3) No net charge

Question 12

How electrons can metal give away in order to form cations?

Answer 12

1+ , 2+, 3+

Question 13

How many electrons can non-metals give away to form anions?

Answer 13

1-, 2-, 3-

Question 14

What is the difference between sodium atom and sodium ion?

Answer 14

Sodium atom: 11 electrons
sodium ions: 10 electrons

Question 15

When does ionic bond occur?

Answer 15

1) transfer of electrons from non-metal to metal atoms forming positive and negative ions

2) after transfer, cations and anions obtain stable noble gas configuration

3) cation and anion experience a strong electrostatic attraction that holds them together

Question 16

How are the ions arranged in in an ionic compound?

Answer 16

Giant Lattice Crystal Structure

Question 17

3 physical properties of ionic compounds

Answer 17

1) High melting and boiling point
2) soluble in water
3) can conduct electricity when dissolved in water or when molten

Question 18

What do covalent compounds consist of?

Answer 18

molecules/ atoms

Question 19

Can covalent bonds be formed between atoms of same element or different element?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

What are the properties of simple molecular compounds?

Answer 20

1) low melting and boiling point
2) insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
3) does not conduct electricity in any state

Question 21

Which 2 giant molecular substances are allotropes of carbon element?

Answer 21

carbon and graphite

Question 22

Does higher relative mass of simple molecular substances mean that the substance has a higher melting point? Explain

Answer 22

yes. By having higher relative mass of simple molecular substance, the stronger the intermolecular forces between molecules, thus higher melting point and more heat needed to overcome the intermolecular forces.