Elements-AR

Question 1

Conduct

Answer 1

Not necessary for any consequence

Question 2

Conduct example

Answer 2

Theft or drink driving

Question 3

consequence

Answer 3

conduct results in consequence

Question 4

consequence example

Answer 4

Murder

Question 5

Actus reus

Answer 5

physical act of crime

Question 6

Voluntary

Answer 6

Where the D has control

Question 7

Voluntary example

Answer 7

Hill-v-Baxter

Question 8

Involuntary

Answer 8

Where the D has no control

Question 9

Involuntary example

Answer 9

R-V-Larsonneur

Question 10

omission

Answer 10

failure to act

Question 11

General rule

Answer 11

Their is no rule which says you have to help someone in danger except 6 expectations.

Question 12

6 expectations

Answer 12

statutory duties to act
Duty arising out of contract
Duty arising from official position
Duty arising from a relationship
Duty arising from voluntary undertaking
Duty to limit the damage you have caused

Question 13

causation

Answer 13

Where a consequence must be proved

Question 14

Factual Causation

Answer 14

Consequence would not have happened.

Question 15

Factual Causation example

Answer 15

R-v-White

Question 16

Legal Causation

Answer 16

D only guilty if legally the cause

Question 17

Legal Causation example

Answer 17

R-v-Kimsey

Question 18

Thin skull rule

Answer 18

Take V as you find them

Question 19

Thin skull rule example

Answer 19

R-v-Blaue

Question 20

Novus Actus interveniens

Answer 20

Something which occurs after the defendants act which breaks the chain of causation

Question 21

Medical intervening acts

Answer 21

Negligent medical care

Question 22

Medical intervening acts example

Answer 22

R-v-Jordan

Question 23

Third party intervening acts

Answer 23

Free deliberate and informed act

Question 24

Third party intervening acts example

Answer 24

R-v-Pagget

Question 25

statutory duty example

Answer 25

Domestic Abuse

Question 26

Duty from contract example

Answer 26

Pitwood

Question 27

Duty official relationship example

Answer 27

Gibson and protoctor

Question 28

Duty official position example

Answer 28

Dytham

Question 29

Voluntary undertaking example

Answer 29

Stone and Dobinson

Question 30

Limit harm caused example

Answer 30

Miller