Elements and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What are three traits of Metals (found at the left and middle)?
Three traits of Metals (found at the left and middle) include:
- Shiny
- Ductile
- Malleable
What are three traits of Metalloids, which have properties of both metals and non-metals (found at the right after the metals, forming a staircase)?
Three traits of Metalloids (found at the right after the metals, forming a staircase) include:
- Can be both Shiny or Dull
- Not ductile
- Not malleable
What are three traits of Non-Metals (found at the very right, after the metalloid staircase)?
Three traits of Non-Metals (found at the very right, after the metalloid staircase):
- Dull
- Not Ductile
- Not Malleable
What are three traits of Alkali Metals (Group 1)?
Three traits of Alkali Metals (Group 1) include:
- All have only 1 valence electron
- Shiny
- Consistency of Clay
What are three traits of Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)?
Three traits of Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2) include:
- Have 2 valence electrons
- Form 2+ cations
- Never found uncombined in nature
What are three traits of Halogens (Group 17)?
Three traits of Halogens (Group 17) include:
- All have 7 valence electrons
- Form 1- anions
- Have coloured and poisonous vapours
What are three traits of Noble Gases (Group 18)?
Three traits of Noble Gases (Group 18) include:
- Have a full valence shell (8 valence electrons)
- Extremely inactive
- Inert
What is the trend when you go from up to down in a Group in the Periodic Table?
As you go from up to down in a Group in the Periodic Table, the number of electron shells increase by 1.
What is the trend when you go from left to right in a Period in the Periodic Table?
As you go from left to right in a Period in the Periodic Table, the number of valence electrons increase by 1.
What are three traits of Transition Metals (Groups 3 to 12)?
Three traits of Transition Metals (Groups 3 to 12) include:
- High melting point
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Most familiar metals (eg. copper, silver, gold)
TRUE or FALSE: Groups are vertical, whilst Periods are horizontal in a periodic table
TRUE
What is the relation between groups and ion information?
Elements in a group tend to form either cations with a charge equal to their group number (eg. Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2) forming 2+ cations), or anions with a charge equal to the difference between their group number and 18 (eg. Halogens (Group 17) forming 1- anions).
Explain the trend of Atomic Radius in the periodic table.
As you go down the groups and across the left of the periods, the atomic radius increases. As valence shells are added as you go down a group, and as elements have fewer electrons as you go left in a period, the attraction between the valence shell and the nucleus weakens, increasing the overall atomic radius of the element.
Explain the trend of Electronegativity and Ionization Energy in the periodic table
As you go up the groups and across the right of the periods, electronegativity and ionization energy increases. This is because of the stronger attraction between the valence shell and the nucleus, due to the decreasing number of electron shells as you go up a group and the increasing number of valence electrons as you go right in a period. This stronger attraction gives the atom a greater ability to attract an electron, but the energy required to remove an electron increases, too.
Explain the trend of Reactivity in the periodic table
For metals and metalloids becoming cations, they become more reactive as you go DOWN a group and from RIGHT TO LEFT a period, as a weakened attraction between the valence shell and nucleus makes it easier for these elements to LOSE electrons. For non-metals and metalloids becoming anions, they become more reactive as you go UP a group and from LEFT TO RIGHT a period, as a strengthened attraction between the valence shell and nucleus makes it easier for these elements to GAIN electrons.
