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honors bio > elements and atoms > Flashcards

elements and atoms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Element

A

substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemically into other substances

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3
Q

Atom

A

smallest component of an element that retains all of the properties of that element

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4
Q

All atoms contain…

A

protons, neutrons and electrons

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5
Q

Proton

A

positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus

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6
Q

The charge of a proton is…

A

+1

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7
Q

The mass of both protons and neutrons is…

A

1 amu

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8
Q

Neutron

A

particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus

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9
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged particle that travels around the nucleus

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10
Q

The charge of an electron is…

A

-1

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11
Q

A higher energy level means that…

A

the electron is further away from the nucleus

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12
Q

AMU is

A

Atomic Mass Unit

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13
Q

Protons and electrons ___ each other out

A

balance

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14
Q

Molecules

A

2 or more atoms that form a chemical bond

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15
Q

Molecules form when…

A

atoms share electrons to gain a full octet

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16
Q

Is water a compound or molecule?

A

Both

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17
Q

Compound

A

at least 2 different types of atoms form a chemical bond

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18
Q

Atomic mass/mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons (written in top left)

19
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons

20
Q

Atomic number explains…

A

the reactions of atoms when combined

21
Q

Different elements have…

A

different melting points and boiling points

22
Q

Isotopes

A

same element with same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

23
Q

Radioactive

A

nucleus decays over time, making atom unstable

24
Q

Octet rule

A

atoms want to have full valence electron shells, usually 8 (depending on last energy level)

25
Q

Chemical bond

A

attractive forces that hold atoms together, which consists of ionic and covalent bonds

26
Q

Ionic bonds

A

electrons are taken and given between atoms

27
Q

Covalent bonds

A

electrons are shared between atoms

28
Q

Both ionic and covalent bonds are…

A

intramolecular

29
Q

Polar

A

one atom of a molecule is positive, while the other is negative (cause by electrons spending more time with one than the other)

30
Q

Non-polar

A

both atoms of a molecule are the same charge (electrons spend equal amounts of time with each)

31
Q

Ion

A

atom that loses or gains electrons

32
Q

Cation

A

loses electrons (positive charge), usually metals

33
Q

Anion

A

gains electrons (negative charge), usually nonmetals

34
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

attraction between polar molecules where hydrogen is bonded to oxygen, flourine or nitrogen

35
Q

Hydrophobic interactions

A

tendency of nonpolar molecules in a polar solvent to interact

36
Q

Polarity

A

seperation of charge on opposite sides of a molecule

37
Q

Cohesion

A

attraction between positive atom in a polar molecule and a negative atom above the molecule (causes them to stick and form “drops”, ex. H2O)

38
Q

Surface Tension

A

cohesion between adjacent molescules that causes the liquid to stick to the side of the solid it is placed in; also causes tightness of water (meaning that organisms can stick on it)

39
Q

Surfactant

A

substances that reduce surface tension by increasing the spreading/wetness of water

40
Q

Hydrophilic

A

attracted to water, typically soluble in it; occurs at the head of a surfactant

41
Q

Hydrophobic

A

insoluble in water; occurs at the tail of a surfactant, where fatty material is present

42
Q

Properties of water are…

A

attraction to polar molecules, high specific heat (high energy to raise temperature), high heat of vaporization, lower density of ice than water and high polarity

43
Q

Water is called the “universal solvent” because…

A

it dissolves the more substances than any other liquid

honors bio (4 decks)

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