elements Flashcards
1
Q
what are the elements of melody?
A
- Pitch - height
- Shape / Contour / Arc
- SEQUENCE (repeat a phrase up or down a note)
- Pattern of phrases: balanced / question and answer (classical) / irregular
- Stepwise / leaps [conjunct / disjunct] - leaps always mean something
-syllabic-a type of music that is composed with lyrics written in the form of one syllable of text per musical note
- melisma- when you drag a note over a few bars
- dissonant- when two or more tones occur at the same time and create a discordant or clashing sound
-diatonic- all the notes played in a scale
- Riffs
- Melodic ostinatos- repeating a phrase
- Retrograde (reverse)??
- Inversion- to change its ascending intervals to descending ones -use the word reverse
- Fragments (broken up parts of a melody)
- Augmentation (add a note each repetition) and Diminution (minus a note each repetition)
- Countermelody- secondary melody that is sounded simultaneously with the principal one.
- glissando- slide e.g. on a violin changing from first to second position
- repetitive- repeating a phrase
- layered melodies
- short phrases
- conjunct- next to each other
- disjunct- not next to each other- leaps
- ornaments
- balanced phrases
- range
- legato- long
- staccato- stiff
- resultant melody - new melody produced when a variety of parts each play their. melodies at the same time:
- scalic- A short, repeated musical phrase
- chromatic- all of the white and black keys
- hook- short riff, passage, or phrase, that is used in popular music to make a song appealing
2
Q
what are the elements of structure?
A
- pop song structure- intro,V,C,V,C,bridge,C, outdo
-binary - A,B
- ternary- A,B,A
-sonta form- A,B,A
- rondo- A,B,A,C,A,D,A
-theme variation- theme, var.1, var.2, var.3
3
Q
what are the elements of tonality?
A
- Tonality means KEY and everything to do with KEYS
- Music is mostly in a MAJOR or MINOR key
You can say what this means: Major sounds happy, bold, joyful, bright, strong. Minor sounds dark, melancholic, sad, etc. - Sometimes it is A-TONAL, or MODAL (slight variation of major & minor)
- Can talk about KEY CHANGES and MODULATIONS
There is a difference between the two! - Classical music changes key / modulates often
- Can say if things are diatonic (notes belong to the key) or dissonant (clashy notes which don’t belong to the key)
4
Q
elements: harmony?
A
- Pedals (one long note, usually over or under the music)
- Drones (two notes)
- Chords
- Chord extensions - notes that extend further than a three-note triad and the octave
- Mostly triads or not - A triad consists of three notes stacked in consecutive thirds
- Mostly I IV V
- Relationship between one and five
- Chord progressions
- Cadences- , the ending of a phrase, perceived as a rhythmic or melodic articulation or a harmonic change or all of these
- Diatonic- all the notes played in a scale
- dissonant- when two or more tones occur at the same time and create a discordant or clashing sound
- Harmonic rhythm - the speed of chord changes
- Suspensions- creating tension by prolonging a consonant note while the underlying harmony changes, normally on a strong beat.
- Inversions- to change its ascending intervals to descending ones -use the word reverse
- Chord substitutions- replacing a chord with another that has similar harmonic function
- European 6ths- contains the interval of an augmented sixth, usually above its bass tone
5
Q
elements: rhythms
A
- syncopated
- repetitive
- augmentation
- diminution
- cross rhythms
- ostinato
- hemiola (3/2)
- poly rhythms
- scotch snap
- triplets
- sudden silences
- anacrusis
- dotted rhythms
- gradual change in rhythm
6
Q
elements: metre?
A
time signatures
- simple metre e.g. top figure is 2,3 or 4
- compound metre e.g. top figure is 6,9 or 12
7
Q
elements: instrumentation?
A
- orchestra
- strings
- brass
- woodwind
- percussion
8
Q
elements: texture?
A
- homophonic
- melody and accompaniment
- monophonic
- polyphonic
- contrapuntal texture
- counterpoint
