Element 4:- Promoting a Positive Health and Safety Culture Flashcards
1
Q
Benefits of a positive culture
A
• Increased : -levels of compliance with rules and procedure -staff morale • Reduced: -staff complaints - staff turnover - absenteeism -sickness + accident rates
2
Q
result of Negative culture
A
- Job insecurity
- Reorganisation
- Poor example set by management
- Poor management decision making
- Inadequate supervision
- Poor working conditions
3
Q
Internal influences on Health and safety
A
- Competence
- Commitment and control
- Co-operation
- Communication
- Production/service demands
4
Q
External Influences on Health and Safety
A
- Society expectations
- Political priorities
- Legislation and enforcement
- National or International agencies
- Pressure groups
- Insurance Companies
- Workers unions
- Stakeholders
- Economic conditions
5
Q
To improve culture
A
- Senior management commitment
- Ownership of health and safety at every level
- Effective communication and consultation
- Training for all levels of employee
- Shared perception of risks
- Standards of acceptable behaviour
- Learning from experience through monitoring and review
- Balance between health and safety and production
6
Q
Personal factors that might place an individual at greater risk of harm while at work
A
- Poor attitude
- Low motivation
- Physical capabilities
- Poor perception of risk
- Drugs or alcohol problems
- Age related factors
- Medical problems
- Levels of training + experience
7
Q
what is attitude?
A
tendency to respond in a particular way in a given situation
8
Q
Factors that affect attitude
A
- Background
- Personality
- Experience
- Training
- Competence
- Peer group pressure
- Management actions
- Culture of the organisation
9
Q
what is perception?
A
way that people interpret +make sense of presented information
10
Q
Factors which may affect perception
A
- The nature of the hazards
- Previous experience
- Over familiarity
- Feeling of being in control
- Level of training
- Peer group pressure
- Confidence in others ability
- Personal characteristics
11
Q
what is motivation?
A
driving force behind the way a person acts in order to achieve a goal
12
Q
What motivates people?
A
- Reward
- Fulfilment
- Job satisfaction
- Recognition
- Peer approval
- Threat of Discipline
13
Q
Why person may fail to comply with safety procedures
A
- Lack of motivation
- Unrealistic working procedures
- Lack of management commitment
- Over familiarisation
- Repetitive work leading to boredom
- Peer group pressure
- Inadequate supervision
- Fatigue and stress
- Lack of information, training +consultation
- Job insecurity
14
Q
Human Error causes
A
- Slips
- Lapses of attention
- Mistakes
- Violations
15
Q
Reducing human error
A
- Skilled competent workers
- Well motivated employees
- Clear roles and lines of responsibility
- Adequate levels of supervision
- Clear information and instructions
- Drug and alcohol prevention policies
- Good environmental conditions e.g. lighting, noise etc.
- Avoiding monotonous work
- Breaks to avoid fatigue
16
Q
How to Promote Safe behaviour
A
- Discipline
- Reward
- Informing
- Facilitate safe behaviour
- Train
17
Q
what is Competence?
A
Sufficient Knowledge, Training, experience and any other qualities to carry out their functions e.g • Knowledge • Skills • Experience • Training • Recognition of limitations
18
Q
Checks to assess competence
A
- Qualifications
- Level of training
- Membership of professional/trade organisations
- Undertaking written or practical assessments
- Seeking references or recommendations
19
Q
When is training needed?
A
- On recruitment (Induction)
- On the job training
- Transfer
- New equipment
- New technology
- New systems of work or system changes
20
Q
Induction Training programme content:
A
- H+S policy
- Culture of organisation
- Fire precautions
- Emergency procedure
- What accidents to be reported
- How to report accidents
- Hazards of the workplace
- Drink and drugs policy
- First aid precautions
- Welfare provisions
21
Q
when Additional Training needed?
A
- New processes
- New equipment
- Accidents/incidents
- Enforcement action
- New legislation
- Result of risk assessment
- Newly promoted
- Refresher training
22
Q
what determines Levels of supervision?
A
- Person’s skills and qualifications
- Experience of the work involved
- Age
- Person’s attitude and aptitude
- Nature and complexity of the task
- Employee’s communication skills
- Any special needs they may have
23
Q
name the Barriers to communication:
A
The person e.g. • Sensory impairment • Learning difficulties • Inexperience • Lack of motivation
The deliverer e.g. • Too much jargon, language or dialect • Ambiguity of the message • Too complex message • Lack of feedback
The place e.g.
• High noise levels
• Interference from PPE
• Distractions
24
Q
what are the Methods of communication:
A
- Team briefings
- Safety committee meetings
- Health and safety representatives
- Memoranda
- Tool box talks
- Newsletters
- Standards/codes of practice
- Work instructions
- Posters
- Notices
- Electronic notice boards
- Safety policy
- Induction and other training
25
Advantages of written communication:
- Written record
- Can be referred to
- Can convey complex ideas
- Provide analysis
- Many people in different locations
- Can clarify or confirm oral
- Forms basis of contracts
26
Disadvantages of written communication:
-May not be read
-To complex and jargon
-Time to produce and expensive
-Tends to be formal and distant
-Does not provide feedback
-Difficulty to modify
-Does not allow for exchange of views
Attitude
27
advantages of oral communication:
- Direct
- Close physical proximity
- Allows for interchange
- Provides instant feedback
- May be more effective
- Allows for contribution
28
disadvantages of oral communication:
- No written record
- Difficult to control
- May reduce the quality of decision making through lack of time
- Attitude
29
Factors to consider in presentation of health and safety talk
* The purpose of the talk
* The audience
* The training style
* Number of trainees
* The time available
* The skills required by trainer
* Training aid required
* The suitability of the training facilities.
30
Posters: Advantages
* Low cost
* Flexible
* Brief
* Used to enforce written instructions
* Constant reminder
31
Posters: Disadvantages
* Need to be changed on regular basis
* May become soiled
* May be defaced
* Can become out of date
* May be seen as trivializing matters
* May alienate people
* Provide no feedback
32
Safety Representatives rights (ILO Convention) C155:
* Have access to all parts of the workplace
* To be able to communicate with workers
* Protection from dismissal
* Protection from other prejudicial measures
* To contribute to the decision making process
* Free to contact enforcement agencies
* Contribute to negotiations in health and safety matters
* Given appropriate training
* Given reasonable time to exercise their health and safety functions
33
purpose of Safety Committees Agenda:
* Study of accident/incident statistics
* Examination of audit reports
* Reports from enforcing authorities
* Reports from workers representatives
* Assist in the development of policies/procedures
* Monitoring the effectiveness of training
* Monitoring safety communications
* Provide link with the enforcing authority
34
Effective Safety Committees
| Ineffective Committee opposite of above
* Right number of members
* Right mix of members
* Adequate authority
* Right knowledge and expertise
* Good communications
* Suitable level of formality
* Input from outside specialists
* Limited individual input
* Identified and agreed priorities
* No trivia
