Element 1:- Health and Safety Foundations

Question 1

Accident Definition: –

Answer 1

unwanted, unplanned event that:

• results in a loss of some kind Incident/Near miss:
• had the potential to result in a loss

Question 2

Hazard: –

Answer 2

Something with the potential to cause harm

Question 3

Risk: –

Answer 3

likelihood that harm will occur and the severity of the harm

Question 4

Why manage health + safety

Moral, Legal, Financial

Answer 4

•	Reduced :
-accidents
- loss through damage to equipment
- absenteeism
- insurance premiums
- fines
-compensation claims
•	Improved:
- morale
- company reputation
•Increased likelihood of securing business

Question 5

Civil and Criminal Law Aims:-

Answer 5

Civil: – compensate an injured party for loss as a consequence of an accident or ill health

Criminal: – punish + deter individuals/Organisations from behaving in a way that society has decide is unacceptable

Question 6

Fault Liability:

Answer 6

• There was a duty of care owed to the injured party.
• The duty of care was breached (Negligence)
• The breach cause the injury or loss

Question 7

Fault Liability: Employer to provide-

Answer 7

• Safe place of work and safe access and egress
• Safe systems of work
• Safe plant and equipment
• Information, Instruction, Training and supervision
• Safe and competent fellow workers

Question 8

Hidden costs of accidents-

Answer 8

• Lost Time
• Extra wages, overtime payments, temporary workers
• Sick pay
• Fines
• Legal costs
• Claims
• Damage to equipment
• Repairs to plant and equipment
• Production delays
• Loss of contracts
• Increased insurance premiums
• Loss of business reputation

Question 9

Variation of Legislation between countries caused by:-

Answer 9

•	Different :
-legal systems
- standards of legislation and enforcement
-penalties for breaches
•	Religious and cultural issues
•	Knowledge of enforcement bodies
•	Funding of enforcement staff
•	Degree of monitoring/reporting to enforcement authorities
•	Political pressure

Question 10

what are internal + external Sources of Information:

Answer 10

Internal
•	Risk assessments
•	Policies
•	Inspection reports
•	Medical records
•	Health + safety committees
•	Plant registers
•	Safety advisors

External
•	Government bodies
•	National safety organisations
•	Suppliers + manufacturers
•	International standards
•	Consultants + specialists
•	Insurance companies

Question 11

Successful Management Systems (HSG 65):

Answer 11

• Policy:
- H+S aims of organisation, health + safety objectives + management commitment

• Organising:
- Competence, commitment + control, Co-operation, Communication

• Planning and Implementation:

• Identify hazards, assess risks, + decide how risks can be eliminated /controlled.
• Sets standards against which performance can be measured.

• Measuring performance:
- used as a means of determining the extent to which H+S policy + objectives are being implemented + should be both reactive + proactive.

• Reviewing:
- Analysing data gathered through monitoring to see whether performance is adequate

• Audit:
- Systematic critical examination of each stage of an organisations management systems and procedures

Question 12

OHSAS 18001: 1999

Answer 12

1) Health and safety policy
2) Planning
3) Implementation and operation
Control, Competence, Co-operation, Communication
4) Checking and corrective action
5) Management review.