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NEBOSH NG1 > Element 4 - Health and Safety Monitoring and Measuring > Flashcards

Element 4 - Health and Safety Monitoring and Measuring Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 main categories of monitoring

A

Active and reactive

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2
Q

Define active monitoring

A

Checking H&S standards are met before any untoward events happened

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3
Q

Define reactive monitoring

A

Using untoward events to highlight areas of concern

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4
Q

Active monitoring is used to identify:

A

Conformance with performance so good performance is recognised and maintained
Non conformance with standards so they can be identified

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5
Q

Active monitoring methods can also be called…

A

Leading indicators

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6
Q

3 types of active monitoring

A

Safety inspection
Sampling
Safety Tours

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7
Q

Define a safety inspection

A

Routine general workplace inspection to determine if general standards of H&s are acceptable

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8
Q

Define sampling

A

Monitoring conformance with a particular standard by looking at a representative sample

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9
Q

Define a safety tour

A

Walkaround by a gruoup of people, may be formal or informal, looks at issues during the walk around, interacting with workers as well.

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10
Q

When arranging active monitoring consider:

A 
Type
Frequency
Allocation
Competence/Objectivity of inspector
Use of checklists
Action planning
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11
Q

Reactive monitoring uses different pieces of information to highlight areas of concern. These include..

A 
Accidents
Incidents
Ill health
Near misses
Complaints
No of formal enforcement actions
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12
Q

What are the weaknesses of reactive monitoring?

A

Things have already done wrong

It measures failure which can be a negative aspect to focus on

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13
Q

What are the 2 ways of carrying our reactive monitoring

A

Learning lessons from one specific event ie accident

Learning lessons from data gathered from a large no of events

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14
Q

Reactive monitoring methods can also be called…

A

Lagging indicators

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15
Q

The data gathered for reactive monitoring can be used to look at

A

Trends

Patterns

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16
Q

What is the common accident rate used

A

No of lost time accidents over a specific time period DIVIDED BY No of hours worked in same period MULTIPLY BY 100000

This give you the no. of list time accidents per 100000hrs worked

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17
Q

Why are some of the reasons accidents/incidents should be investigated

A 
ID immediate/root causes
ID corrective action
Record facts of incident
Legal reasons
Claim management
Enables risk assessment to be reviewed
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18
Q

Types of incidents

A

Accidents
Near miss
Dangerous occurrences
Work related illness

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19
Q

Level of investigation

A

Minimal - line manager only
Low - line manager with a bit more time
Medium - manager with significant more time
High - senior management with team based approach

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20
Q

Steps in accident investigation

A

Gather information
Analyse information
Suitable control measures
Planning remedial action

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21
Q

Before an investigation can start you should check:

A

Safety of the scene

Casualties/casualty care

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22
Q

What does gathering information involve

A

Securing scene
Collecting witness details
Collect factual info ie photos measurements
Looking at documentation

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23
Q

What does analysing info involve

A

Looking at immediate causes

Looking at root causes

24
Q

What does suitable control measures involve

A

Once immediate/root causes ID’d, control measures must be put in place
Immediate is easier and quicker than root causes

25
Q

What does planning remedial actions involve

A

Need good timescales and prioritising is v important

26
Q

What are immediate causes of accidents

A

The things that directly caused the accident

IE spill on floor, not wearing gloves while working

27
Q

What are root causes of accidents

A

Things that lie behind immediate causes
Usually safety management systems
IE no PPE, inadequate inspections

28
Q

What are the 2 important qs to ask when applying control measures?

A

Will it prevent this accident happening again in future

Will it prevent similar accidents happening

29
Q

Define reporting

A

Process of informing people that an incident has occurred

30
Q

Define recording

A

Process of documenting event

31
Q

Why do people not report accidents/incidents

A 
Unclear policy
No reporting system
Culture of not reporting
Excessive paperwork
Takes too much time
Blame culture
32
Q

What does RIDDOR 2013 stand for

A

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2019

33
Q

What is RIDDOR concerned with?

A

Reporting to relevant enforcement authorities certain accidents/incidents (HSE)

34
Q

What are the 6 main types of accidents/incidents that are reportable to the HSE under RIDDOR?

A 
Fatalities
Specified injuries
Dangerous occurrences
Occupational Disease
Over 7 days injuries
Immediate hospitalisation of a non worker
35
Q

What does specified injury according to RIDDOR include?

A

Under regulation 4:
Fracture to anywhere except finger, thumb and toe
Amputation
Permanent loss/reduction of sight
Scalpings
Crush and serious burns (over 10% and/or damage to eyes, respiratory or vital organs
Unconsciousness caused by head injury

36
Q

What does occupational disease according to RIDDOR include?

A 
Under regulation 8/9:
Carpal tunnel
Severe cramp of hand/forearm
Occupational dermatitis/asthma
Tendonitis of arm/hand
Occupational cancer
Biological agents
37
Q

What does dangerous occurrences according to RIDDOR include?

A

Within Schedule 2, 27 categories incl:
Collapse of equipment
Plant in contact with powerlines
Explosions/fires causing work stoppage for >24hrs

38
Q

Over 7 days injuries include the day of injury, true or false?

A

False, it does not include the day of injury

39
Q

Injury to non workers can only be reported as a RIDDOR when they have received treatment, true or false

A

True

40
Q

How should RIDDOR be reported?

A

Fatality, Specified Injury, Dangerous Occurence - immediate notification to HSE within 10 days
Over 7 day - report tool within 15 days of injury
Reportable disease - to reporting tool once diagnosis is given

41
Q

3 day injuries are reportable, true or false

A

False, they are recordable but not reportable

42
Q

How long should accident investigations be kept for?

A

Minimum of 3 years by printout

43
Q

Define auditing

A

The systemic, objective, critical evaluation of an organisation’s H&S management system

44
Q

What is the purpose of an audit?

A

To provide ciritical feedback on management system

45
Q

What are the main differences between an audit and an inspection?

A

An audit focuses on management systems IE:
Documentation
Records
Verifies performance
Whereas an inspection checks workplace for uncontrolled hazards and addresses any that are found

46
Q

What happens pre-audit

A

Laying the foundations so:

Date/time, scope of audit, area/extent of audit, who will be required and what info will be gathered

47
Q

What happens during the audit

A

Complete paperwork, complete interviews, direct observation, typical info examined for example, risk assessments, roles/responsibilities, maintenance records

They like show me and prove it!

48
Q

What happens post audit

A

Verbal/written feedback

49
Q

Advantages/Disadvantages of External Audits

A 
ADV:
Fresh pair of eyes
Recommendations carry more weight
Independent of internal influence
DIS:
Expensive
Time consuming
Could intimidate workers
50
Q

Advantages/Disadvantages of Internal Audits

A 
ADV:
Less expensive
Builds competence
Improves ownership
DIS:
May not have industry knowledge
Not independent
May not notice things
51
Q

How can you prioritised an audit report

A

Major non-conformance - urgent, could cause injury
Minor non-conformance - needs corrective action, but less serious
Observations - opinion given by auditor

52
Q

What is the purpose for reviewing H&S performance

A

To ID any areas that needs to be addressed and to answer:
Are we on target? If not why not?
What do we have to do to change?

53
Q

Issues to consider in reviews

A 
Legal compliance
Accident/incident
Safety tours/sampling/inspections
Absence/sickness
Audit reports
54
Q

What is the most important things to have prior to reviewing performance

A

Good reliable quality data

55
Q

Output from reviews

A

Must be carried out in accordance with Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs
Should also be part of continual improvement

56
Q

How is continual improvement be allocated throughout the organisation?

A

Senior managment: sets targets/allocates resources
Middle management: reviews performance and sets targets
Junior management:Reviews performance and sets local targets

NEBOSH NG1 (4 decks)

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