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NEBOSH NG1 > Element 4 - Health and Safety Monitoring and Measuring > Flashcards

Element 4 - Health and Safety Monitoring and Measuring Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 main categories of monitoring

A

Active and reactive

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2
Q

Define active monitoring

A

Checking H&S standards are met before any untoward events happened

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3
Q

Define reactive monitoring

A

Using untoward events to highlight areas of concern

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4
Q

Active monitoring is used to identify:

A

Conformance with performance so good performance is recognised and maintained
Non conformance with standards so they can be identified

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5
Q

Active monitoring methods can also be called…

A

Leading indicators

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6
Q

3 types of active monitoring

A

Safety inspection
Sampling
Safety Tours

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7
Q

Define a safety inspection

A

Routine general workplace inspection to determine if general standards of H&s are acceptable

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8
Q

Define sampling

A

Monitoring conformance with a particular standard by looking at a representative sample

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9
Q

Define a safety tour

A

Walkaround by a gruoup of people, may be formal or informal, looks at issues during the walk around, interacting with workers as well.

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10
Q

When arranging active monitoring consider:

A 
Type
Frequency
Allocation
Competence/Objectivity of inspector
Use of checklists
Action planning
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11
Q

Reactive monitoring uses different pieces of information to highlight areas of concern. These include..

A 
Accidents
Incidents
Ill health
Near misses
Complaints
No of formal enforcement actions
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12
Q

What are the weaknesses of reactive monitoring?

A

Things have already done wrong

It measures failure which can be a negative aspect to focus on

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13
Q

What are the 2 ways of carrying our reactive monitoring

A

Learning lessons from one specific event ie accident

Learning lessons from data gathered from a large no of events

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14
Q

Reactive monitoring methods can also be called…

A

Lagging indicators

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15
Q

The data gathered for reactive monitoring can be used to look at

A

Trends

Patterns

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16
Q

What is the common accident rate used

A

No of lost time accidents over a specific time period DIVIDED BY No of hours worked in same period MULTIPLY BY 100000

This give you the no. of list time accidents per 100000hrs worked

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17
Q

Why are some of the reasons accidents/incidents should be investigated

A 
ID immediate/root causes
ID corrective action
Record facts of incident
Legal reasons
Claim management
Enables risk assessment to be reviewed
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18
Q

Types of incidents

A

Accidents
Near miss
Dangerous occurrences
Work related illness

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19
Q

Level of investigation

A

Minimal - line manager only
Low - line manager with a bit more time
Medium - manager with significant more time
High - senior management with team based approach

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20
Q

Steps in accident investigation

A

Gather information
Analyse information
Suitable control measures
Planning remedial action

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21
Q

Before an investigation can start you should check:

A

Safety of the scene

Casualties/casualty care

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22
Q

What does gathering information involve

A

Securing scene
Collecting witness details
Collect factual info ie photos measurements
Looking at documentation

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23
Q

What does analysing info involve

A

Looking at immediate causes

Looking at root causes

24
Q

What does suitable control measures involve

A

Once immediate/root causes ID’d, control measures must be put in place
Immediate is easier and quicker than root causes

25
What does planning remedial actions involve
Need good timescales and prioritising is v important
26
What are immediate causes of accidents
The things that directly caused the accident | IE spill on floor, not wearing gloves while working
27
What are root causes of accidents
Things that lie behind immediate causes Usually safety management systems IE no PPE, inadequate inspections
28
What are the 2 important qs to ask when applying control measures?
Will it prevent this accident happening again in future | Will it prevent similar accidents happening
29
Define reporting
Process of informing people that an incident has occurred
30
Define recording
Process of documenting event
31
Why do people not report accidents/incidents
``` Unclear policy No reporting system Culture of not reporting Excessive paperwork Takes too much time Blame culture ```
32
What does RIDDOR 2013 stand for
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2019
33
What is RIDDOR concerned with?
Reporting to relevant enforcement authorities certain accidents/incidents (HSE)
34
What are the 6 main types of accidents/incidents that are reportable to the HSE under RIDDOR?
``` Fatalities Specified injuries Dangerous occurrences Occupational Disease Over 7 days injuries Immediate hospitalisation of a non worker ```
35
What does specified injury according to RIDDOR include?
Under regulation 4: Fracture to anywhere except finger, thumb and toe Amputation Permanent loss/reduction of sight Scalpings Crush and serious burns (over 10% and/or damage to eyes, respiratory or vital organs Unconsciousness caused by head injury
36
What does occupational disease according to RIDDOR include?
``` Under regulation 8/9: Carpal tunnel Severe cramp of hand/forearm Occupational dermatitis/asthma Tendonitis of arm/hand Occupational cancer Biological agents ```
37
What does dangerous occurrences according to RIDDOR include?
Within Schedule 2, 27 categories incl: Collapse of equipment Plant in contact with powerlines Explosions/fires causing work stoppage for >24hrs
38
Over 7 days injuries include the day of injury, true or false?
False, it does not include the day of injury
39
Injury to non workers can only be reported as a RIDDOR when they have received treatment, true or false
True
40
How should RIDDOR be reported?
Fatality, Specified Injury, Dangerous Occurence - immediate notification to HSE within 10 days Over 7 day - report tool within 15 days of injury Reportable disease - to reporting tool once diagnosis is given
41
3 day injuries are reportable, true or false
False, they are recordable but not reportable
42
How long should accident investigations be kept for?
Minimum of 3 years by printout
43
Define auditing
The systemic, objective, critical evaluation of an organisation's H&S management system
44
What is the purpose of an audit?
To provide ciritical feedback on management system
45
What are the main differences between an audit and an inspection?
An audit focuses on management systems IE: Documentation Records Verifies performance Whereas an inspection checks workplace for uncontrolled hazards and addresses any that are found
46
What happens pre-audit
Laying the foundations so: | Date/time, scope of audit, area/extent of audit, who will be required and what info will be gathered
47
What happens during the audit
Complete paperwork, complete interviews, direct observation, typical info examined for example, risk assessments, roles/responsibilities, maintenance records They like show me and prove it!
48
What happens post audit
Verbal/written feedback
49
Advantages/Disadvantages of External Audits
``` ADV: Fresh pair of eyes Recommendations carry more weight Independent of internal influence DIS: Expensive Time consuming Could intimidate workers ```
50
Advantages/Disadvantages of Internal Audits
``` ADV: Less expensive Builds competence Improves ownership DIS: May not have industry knowledge Not independent May not notice things ```
51
How can you prioritised an audit report
Major non-conformance - urgent, could cause injury Minor non-conformance - needs corrective action, but less serious Observations - opinion given by auditor
52
What is the purpose for reviewing H&S performance
To ID any areas that needs to be addressed and to answer: Are we on target? If not why not? What do we have to do to change?
53
Issues to consider in reviews
``` Legal compliance Accident/incident Safety tours/sampling/inspections Absence/sickness Audit reports ```
54
What is the most important things to have prior to reviewing performance
Good reliable quality data
55
Output from reviews
Must be carried out in accordance with Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs Should also be part of continual improvement
56
How is continual improvement be allocated throughout the organisation?
Senior managment: sets targets/allocates resources Middle management: reviews performance and sets targets Junior management:Reviews performance and sets local targets

NEBOSH NG1 (4 decks)

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