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NEBOSH NG1 > Element 3 - Managing Risk – Understanding People and Processes > Flashcards

Element 3 - Managing Risk – Understanding People and Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Define Health and Safety Culture

A

The shared attitudes, values, beliefs and behavious relating to H&S. Either positive or negative

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2
Q

Define positive cultures

A

Feel H&S is important
Clear leadership from the top, runs through organisation
Work safely because they want to, not because they have to
Workers that do not agree with culture leave or dismissed for unsafe work
Safer workers leads to less accidents and less ill health

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3
Q

Define negative culture

A

H&S not important
Poorly educated in H&S
Lack of direction from senior management
Do not think of H&S when it comes to decision making so let short term profits dictate actions
Behave unsafely because they do not know better
Safe people in minority leads to them working unsafely because of peer pressure
Poor attention to H&S more accidents and ill health

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4
Q

Indicators of H&S culture

A 
Accident rates
Sickness rates 
Absenteeism
Staff turnover
Compliance with safety rules
Complaints about conditions
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5
Q

Talk about the influence of peers on health and safety culture

A

Groups interact and hierarchy forms means way of behaving becomes the norm
To become part of the group you comply with norms
If group is safe peer pressure will keep them safe
If group is unsafe even if new members know its wrong, peer pressure will override personal apprehansion
Tackle influential members to tackle negative groups through training education and increased responsibility

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6
Q

Most important place to start when improving H&S Culture?

A

Senior management, they need to show inside leadership

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7
Q

How can leadership be shown visually?

A

Behaving safely themselves
Involvement in day to day H&S management through participating in meetings
Safety tours/audit participation
Enforcing company H&S rules

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8
Q

What does enforcing company H&S rules entail?

A

Must punish bad behavior if serious through formal disciplinary procedures and reward good behavior.

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9
Q

What does overpunishing lead to

A

Blame culture

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10
Q

What is a competent person?

A

Someone that has sufficient skills experience and knowledge to do the job

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11
Q

How does a competent person influence culture

A

Increased ability to work safely and can lead to positive influence on culture

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12
Q

Define communication

A

process of delivering info from sender to recipient

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13
Q

How can communication be optimised?

A

Correct info is communicated

Must be transmitted, received and understood by the recipient

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14
Q

The 3 types of communication

A

Verbal, written and graphic

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15
Q

Pros of verbal communication

A

Personal
Direct
Quick
Allows for feedback

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16
Q

Cons of verbal communication

A

Language barrier/accent issues
Ambiguous message
No written record as proof
Info may be missed

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17
Q

Examples of verbal communication

A

Meetings, interviews, conversations and phone calls

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18
Q

Pros of written communication

A

Permanent record
Reference point
Can be distributed
Can be written carefully

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19
Q

Cons of written communication

A

Indirect
Time consuming
Impersonal
Questions cannot be asked

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20
Q

Examples of written communication

A

Report, Memo, Email, Minutes, Policy Docs

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21
Q

Pros of graphic communication

A

Visual
No language barrier
Jargon free
Quick to interpret

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22
Q

Cons of graphic communication

A

May not be looked at
Questions cannot be asked
Expensive to buy/produce
Can only convey simple messages

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23
Q

Why is it important to include workers in decision making?

A

To avoid negative culture

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24
Q

What is consulting?

A

2 way exchange of info/opinion between employers and workers so best course of action can be agreed. Info flow is 2 way.

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25
What is informing?
Providing info to workers they can understand and then checking the info has been understood. Info flow is one way.
26
It is a legal duty for employers to consult with employees. What are the legal regulations for unions?
Safety Representative and Safety Committees Regulations 1977
27
It is a legal duty for employers to consult with employees. What are the legal regulations for non-unions?
Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996
28
What are the issues that employers must consult employees on when it comes to H&S?
Intro of measures affecting H&S Intro of new technology that affects H&S Health and Safety training plans Appointment of safety health advisers and specialists
29
What are safety representatives' right and entitlements?
``` Carry out inspections Examine accident causes Receive info from HSE Be consulted on H&S matters Investigate complaints about H&S ```
30
Define the features of employees under Safety Representative and Safety Committees Regulations 1977
Representatives: Appointed by trade unions | Title/position: Safety representatives
31
Define the features of employees under Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996
Representatives: Appointed by employers | Title/position: Representatives of employees safety
32
Under Safety Representative and Safety Committees Regulations 1977, when 2 or more employees request establishment of a safety committee how long does the employer have to comply?
3 months
33
What are the important points for a safety committee to work well?
``` Who is on the committee How often do they meet Who chairs it What authority do the committee have What will be discussed How will discussions be recorded How will issues be followed up ```
34
Name some topics that could be discussed at a safety committee
Accident/incident records Reviewing reports Monitoring training effectiveness Reports from HSE
35
Define health and safety training
Planned and formal process of acquiring and practiving knowledge and skills and in relatively safe environment
36
Who is responsible for training?
Employers
37
After induction training the employee will learn:
``` Hazards and risk to their work Correct rules/precautions Emergency procedures Limitations/restrictions to work Personal H&S responsibilities Consequences of breaking rules Who to contact is issues arise ```
38
When are the best opportunities to train employees?
``` New workers Job change Process change New techniques New legislation ```
39
What are (some of) the things included in an induction
``` H&S policy Energency procedures Workplace hazards and controls First aid facilities and personnel Location of welfare facilities Accident/incident reporting Personal protective equipment Risk assessment Disciplinary action ```
40
What are the 3 things that influence a worker's safety related behaviour
Organisational Job Individual
41
What are the organisational factors that influence workers' behavior
``` H&S culture of the organisation Commitment and leadership from management Resources Work patterms Communications Levels of supervision Consultation Training ```
42
What are the job factors that influence workers' behavior
``` Task Workload Environment Displays/control and how the lack of them or poor ones can create human error Procedures ```
43
What are the individual factors that influence workers' behavior
``` Competence Skills Personality Attitude Risk perception ```
44
How can you improve a worker's perception of hazards
``` Safety awareness campaigns Training programme Highlighting hazards Adequate lighting Removing distractions ```
45
Define Hazard
Something with the potential to cause harm
46
Define Risk
The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm in combination with severity of the injury/damage/loss
47
Define Risk profiling
The process to recognise the range of risks that threaten an organisation aline with the likelihood and probable impact of those risks
48
Define Risk Assessment
Formalised process of identifying hazards, evaluating risk and hem eliminating/controlling the risk to acceptable levels
49
Which regulation requires risk assessments?
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
50
How can you classify hazards?
``` Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomic Psychological ```
51
How can you classify risk
Quantitatively - probabilities/frequencies based on data | Qualitatively - high/med/low
52
What is the risk calculation?
Risk = Likelihood x Severity
53
What are the special cases for risk assessment?
Young person New/Expectant Mothers Disabled Persons Lone Workers
54
What are the steps in the Risk Profiling Process?
Identify the health and safety threats faced by the organisation Identify the health and safety impacts and the business impacts that might result Identify how well each threat is currently controlled Identify the likelihood of each threat occurring Identify the priority of each threat
55
What other regulations require a risk assessment
COSHH Regs | H&S (DSE) Regs
56
What is the main aim of a risk assessment?
To ensure that hazards are eliminated or risks minimised by the correct application of relevant standards, to prevent workplace accidents
57
What are the objectives of a risk assessment?
``` to prevent: Death and personal injury Ill health Other types of loss incident Breaches of statute law Direct/indirect costs from accidents followup ```
58
What constitutes a suitable and sufficient risk assessment?
IDs risks IDs prople at risk Evaluates effects of current controls ID/prioritises measures to protect people Appropriate and remains valid for a reasonable period
59
What are the 5 steps of a risk assessment?
ID the hazards ID the people who might be harmed and how Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions Record the findings and implement them Review and update as necessary
60
What does the abbreviation SREDIM stand for and what is it used for?
``` Select task to analyse Record steps/stages of tasks Evaluate risks with each step Develop safe working method Implement safe working method Monitor to ensure effectiveness ``` Used to analyse protocols/tasks
61
What are some of the principles of prevention? And which regulation talks about this
Regulation 4 of the Management of Health and Safety at work Regulations 1999 ``` Avoid risks Evaluate the ones hat cannot be avoided Combat risks at source Adapt work to suit worker Adapt to technical progress Replace with less dangerous alternatives Give appropriate instruction Develop an overall prevention policy ```
62
What is the general hierachy of control
``` Elimination Substitution Engineering controls Administration Controls PPE ```
63
Types of engineering controls
Isolation.total enclosure Separation/segregation Partial closure Safety devices
64
Types of administrative controls
Safe system of work Reduce exposure Reduce time of exposure Information, instruction, training and supervision
65
Define personal protective equipment
Equipment/clothing worn/held by a worker that rotects them from one or more risks to their health or safety
66
What regulations govern PPE?
PPE at work Regulations 1992
67
Benefits of PPE
``` Can be used as interim control May be only option available Backup for emergencies when other controls fail Cheap Immediate protection ```
68
Limitations of PPE
Only protects wearer May not protect properly if not worn properly May not be comfortable and may interfere with wearer's ability to work Increase to overall risk
69
What is the risk once all controls have been taken into account called?
Residual risk
70
What are the categories of residual risk
Acceptable risk - nothing needs to be done Tolerable risk - not accepted but tolerable for a short time Unacceptable - risk too high for work to be allowed
71
What are the triggers for risk assessment review?
Significant change Reason to suspect that it is not valid Regular intervals
72
What changes can have impact on health and safety at work
``` Temporary works Changes to: process equipment procedures ```
73
What control measures can you use to manage change
Risk assessment Effective communication and cooperation Segregation of work areas Amendment to emergency procedure when necessary Appropriate welfare provision for workers
74
Define Safe Systems of Work (SSW)
Formal procedure based on a systemic examination of work in order to ID hazards. Defines safe methods of working that eliminate hazards and minimises risk associated
75
Factors to consider when developing an SSW
People Equipment Materials Environment
76
Provision of an SSW is part of which legislation?
Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 | Also mentioned in Confined Spaces Regs 1997
77
What are the steps to develop a SSW
Task analysis Introduce controls//formulate procedures Instruction and training Monitoring the system
78
Why is it important to involve workers in a SSW
They can provide knowledge and experience of the task, and they gain understanding of hazards and risks, which alows them to take ownership
79
Define technical, behaviorial and procedural controls
Technical - applied directly to hazard to minimise risk Procedural - the way the task is done in relation to hazard Behavioral - how the individual works in relation to hazard
80
Whose responsibility is it to develop a SSW?
Employer with involvement of competent persons and employees.
81
Define a permit to work (PTW)
A formal documented safety procedure, part of a SSW which ensures all actions are taken before, during and after high risk work
82
Some of the types of high risk work controlled by a permit system
``` Hot works High voltage works Confined space Maintenance on complex machinery Work at height ```
83
The 4 main section of a PTW
Issue - details of work, hazards, controls, signatures Receipt - signature of competent person Clearance - signature that area is safe Cancellation - signature the area is safe and accepted back
84
PTW are issued how many times
3x one in area of work, one to manager, one in central location
85
To make sure PTWs work effectively:
Only authorised people can issue then No amendments Sufficient time allowed for the works Adherence to PTW
86
Why do we need emergency procedures
With all safety controls in place, accidents/incidents can still happen so emergency procedures are needed
87
Emergency Procedure Arrangements should include:
``` Forseeable emergencies Procedures for raising alarm Procedures to be followed Provision of suitable equipment Nomination of responsible staff Dealing with media Arrangement for contacting emergency services ```
88
Incidents that may need emergency procedures include:
``` Fire Bomb Spillage of chemicals Toxic gas Disease outbreak Severe weather ```
89
Emergency procedures need to be tested through drills and exercises regularly. True or false?
True
90
People who are nominated for specialist roles do not need extra training. True or false
False, they will definitely need extra training for fire marshal or first aider
91
What legislation gives employers a duty to have first aid provisions?
Heath ad Safety (First Aid) Regs 1981
92
What are the 3 elements of a first aid provision?
Facilities Equipment Personnel
93
Role for first aiders
Preserve life Prevent deterioration Promote recovery
94
Types of first aid personnel
Appointed person - take care of facilities and equipment and call emergency services EFAW level trained personnel FAW trained personnel
95
How would you improve health and safety culture?
``` Leadership input Competent workers Increase communication Training Setting up safety committee ```
96
Why would you use different types of communication?
``` Language barrier Different stimuli for different people Important message may need multiple types of Comms May need feedback Statutory One method could be overused ```
97
What can distort risk perception?
Lack of training Illness/stress/fatigue Drug or alcohol use Workplace conditions
98
What should an employer consider when looking at first aid provisions?
``` Location No of employees Vulnerable persons Risks and hazards present Work patterns/holiday cover Accident history ```

NEBOSH NG1 (4 decks)

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