ELEMENT 3 - DO Flashcards
Which categories of people does an employer owe a duty to?
Employees
Others in his work place (both workers and visitors)
Workers carrying out work on his behalf
Others affected by his undertaking
Common duties of employeesi
- Take care of their own HS and that of others affected by their acts or omissions
- Co-operate with the employer to enable to fulfil legal obligations
Rented building - employer responsible for HS relating to entry and exit?
Depends on the tenancy agreement,
Outline the responsibilities of the client and the contractor when the contractor is working in a clients workplace.
Client - Workplace / environment
Contractor - Job they are doing
Both responsible for the HS of their own workers and those affected by the work being carried out.
Define HS culture
Shared - Attitudes - Values - Beliefs - Behaviors Relating to HS and how workers think and feel about HS and how this translates into behavior.
How do individuals peers exert influence over his/ her behavior?
Peer group pressure, social groups form in workplaces and group behavior is established. These groups exert pressure on individuals to comply with the groups behavior. One or more leaders influence the group to a high level.
Perceptual distortion?
When something is not recognised for what it is. The brain does not correctly interpret information.
Is feedback essential for effective communication?
No, feedback helps but is not essential. Written information is one way and ineffective communication.
What are the main advantages and disadvantages of both written and oral communication?
WRITTEN - ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
- Permanent record - Indirect
- Can refer to it - Impersonal
- Easy to distribute - Language / literacy
Oral - ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
- Personal - Language barriers
- Immediate feedback - May not be heard
- Exchange of views - No written record
How are pictures / symbols used in safety communication?
Safety signage
What should be the first priority of induction training?
General rules to follow for safe movement around the workplace / what to do in an emergency
Apart from at induction, when should training be provided?
- When workers first start
- Changes to equipment / substances / activities
- Refresher
- After accident / near miss
- Law change
Why is the distinction between HAZARDS and RISK important to HS management?
HAZARDS will always exist in a workplace, it is not possible to eliminate them. RISKS can be controlled and reduced.
What is the purpose of and objectives of risk assessment?
AIM
Eliminate hazards / reduce risk to an acceptable level.
OBJECTIVES
Prevent injury / ill health
Achieve legal compliance
Reduce costs / losses
What techniques are used to identify hazards?
- Worksite inspections
- Job / Task analysis
- Analysis of incident data
- Examination of legislative requirements
- Examination of manufacturers information
Give the 5 steps of risk assessment
- Identify hazards
- Decide who might be harmed and how
- Evaluate the risks / decide on precautions
- Record the findings / implement them
- Review and update
apart from operators, what particular staff groups require special consideration during a risk assessment?
Maintenance staff, cleaners, young workers, lone workers, new and expectant mothers and disabled staff.
What factors are used to evaluate risk?
The likelihood of harm occurring and the severity of that harm.
What is residual risk?
The level of risk remaining after the application of safety precautions. It should be only low level acceptable risk.
What conditions might trigger a risk assessment review?
- Change in legislation
- Change in work processes
- New machinery / equipment
- New information of hazards / risks
- Reoccurring accidents / patterns of ill health
- Enforcement action
- Auditing results
- Employment of disabled personnel
What is the general hierarchy of preventive and protective measures?
ELIMINATION SUBSTITUTION ENGINEERING CONTROLS ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS PPE
When should personal protective equipment be used?
When it has not been possible to eliminate the hazard / reduce risk to acceptable levels with engineering controls, work methods or admin controls / PPE is a last resort.
Identify two internal and two external sources of info about HS
INTERNAL
- Risk assessments
- Audits
- HSC minutes
EXTERNAL
- Regulations
- SDS
- Codes of good practice
Define a safe system of work
A formal procedure that results from a systemic examination of the task in order to ID all hazards and define work methods that eliminate those hazards or minimise the risks
How does involving employees in the development of safe systems of work contribute to the safety culture?
Involvement enables a deeper understanding of HAZ and RISKS / ownership of key controls
What is the difference between technical / procedural / behavioral controls?
TECH CONTROL - applied to the hazard in order to minimise risk
PROCEDURAL CONTROLS - Define the way work should be carried out
BEHAVIORAL CONTROLS - Defines how workers must act in relation to the hazard
Why do instructions / training / supervision form part of a safe system?
Only people who have been given proper training / instruction should be allowed to work.
Supervision is to ensure workers follow training / instruction
What is a permit to work?
- Permits to work are formal docs detailing the work to be done.
- Work can only start when safe procedures have been put in place.
- Permits signed by a manager are a clear record that foreseeable hazards have been considered and all necessary actions have been taken.
- Should be in the possession of the worker
What are the 4 key elements of a typical permit?
- Issue
- Receipt
- Clearance / return to service
- Cancellation
What is the main objective of an emergency procedure?
- Ensure HS of staff and others who may be affected by the emergency.
- Minimise other losses associated with the emergency.
- Preventing escalation of emergency
Mane 3 typical emergencies that may require emergency procedures.
- Fire / explosion
- Bomb threat
- Spill age of HAZ SUB
What factors might be considered when determining first aid facilities in a workplace?
- Hazards in the workplace
- General risk levels
- Accident history
- Number of workers
- Work processes
- Geographic spread of the workplace
- Geographic location in relation to emergency servies
- Vulnerable groups in the workplace
- Presence of the public
