Element 3 Flashcards
Health and Safety Culture?
The shared attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviours relating to health and safety. These will either be positive or negative
Morale?
CEE
The level of commitment, energy and enthusiasm that a workforce has for the work being done.
Consulting and Informing
CONSULTING
The two-way exchange of information and opinion between the employer and workers so that the best course of action can be agreed. This implies that the employer listens to the concerns of their workers and changes their plans as necessary.
INFORMING
Providing information to workers in a form that they can understand and then checking that the information
has been understood. The information flow is one-way and the employer does not have to take any notice of feedback.
Ergonomics
TEE (Task, Equipment, Environment)
ERGONOMICS:
The interaction between the worker and their work task, work equipment and work environment so as to
achieve the best match.
One of the principles of good ergonomic design is to adapt the task, equipment and environment to suit the needs of the individual worker.
In the context of health and safety management ergonomics is concerned with reducing the stress and strain put on the worker during work, so as to avoid injuries and ill health (e.g. upper limb disorders caused by repetitive handling activities) and minimise the potential for human error.
Hazard, Risk, Risk Profiling, Risk Assessment
HAZARD
Something with the potential to cause harm.
RISK
The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm in combination with the severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.
RISK PROFILING
The process used, at a strategic level, to recognise the range of risks that threaten an organisation along with
the likelihood and probably impacts of those risks. Risk profiling takes into consideration the risk management controls that are already in place so that their effectiveness can be assessed and further risk management controls identified and prioritised.
RISK ASSESSMENT
The formal process of identifying preventive and protective measures by evaluating the risks arising from
a hazard, taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk is acceptable.
Abbreviation for Task Analysis - SREDIM
There is a useful abbreviation for task analysis – SREDIM:
• Select the task.
• Record the steps or stages of the task.
• Evaluate the risks associated with each step.
• Develop the safe working method.
• Implement the safe working method.
• Monitor to ensure it is effective.
Personal Protective Equipments
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:
Equipment or clothing that is worn or held by a worker that protects them from one or more risks to their
safety or health.
Permit to Work and its typical uses
A Permit-To-Work (PTW) system is a formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a safe system of work, which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before, during and after particularly high-risk work.
Typical Uses:
1 - Hot Work
2 - Work on Electrical Systems
3 - Machinery Maintenance
4 - Confined Spaces
5 - Work at height
Safety Signs
Safety signs combine shape, colour and pictograms to convey specific health and safety information or
instructions. While there are regional variations, the standard safety signs are divided into five categories:
• Prohibition – directed at stopping dangerous behaviour, e.g. ‘No smoking’. The signs are circular with a
black pictogram on a white background with a red border and red diagonal cross bar.
• Warning – tell people to be careful of a particular hazard, e.g. ‘Forklift trucks operating in the area’. The
signs are triangular with a black pictogram on a yellow background with a black border.
• Mandatory action – instruct people to take a specific action, often relating to wearing personal protective
equipment, e.g. ‘Eye protection must be worn’. They are circular with a solid blue background and a white
pictogram.
• Safe condition – identify safe behaviour or places of safety, e.g. ‘First-aid station’. They are rectangular or
square with a white pictogram on a green background.
• Fire-fighting equipment – identify particular items of equipment, e.g. ‘Hose reels’. They are rectangular
or square with a white symbol or pictogram on a red background.
Safe System of Work
A Safe System of Work (SSW) is a formal procedure based on a systematic examination of work in order to identify the hazards. It defines safe methods of working that eliminate those hazards, or minimise the risks associated with them.
Technical, Procedural and Behavioural Controls (Safe System of Work)
A SSW will involve all the elements of control that we identified earlier in the general hierarchy of controls:
• Technical controls – applied directly to the hazard in order to minimise the risk. This may involve fencing or
barriers of different kinds to isolate workers from the hazard as far as possible, or security devices built into equipment to stop its operation if there is a fault.
• Procedural controls – the way in which work should be carried out in relation to the hazard. They will specify the exact tasks involved, their sequence and the safety actions and checks that have to be taken. Often, procedures will relate to the correct operation of technical controls.
• Behavioural controls – how the individual worker acts in relation to the hazard. They include general points of good practice in the workplace (e.g. good housekeeping, and specific measures such as the use of PPE
Human Factors which Influence Safety Related Behaviour
Organizational factors - Characteristic of the organization they are working for.
1. Health & Safety Culture of the organisation
2. Commitment and Leadership from management
3. Resources (Provision of adequate time, money, equipment, personnel)
4. Work Patterns (Working at night or working extended hours)
5. Communication
6. Level of Supervision
7. Consultation and Worker Involvement
8. Training
Job Factors - Characteristic of the task they are Carrying out
1. Task
2. Workload (Amount of work, rate of work, Deadline and Variety of Work that Individuals have to cope up with)
3. Environment (Workplace conditions such as Space, lightning, Noise, Temperature, humidity etc)
4. Displays and Controls
5. Procedures
Individual Factors - Their Personal Characteristics (SCRAP)
1 - Competence
2 - Skills
3 - Personality
4 - Attitude
5 - Risk perception
Peer Group Pressure?
The pressure to comply with group norms is called peer group presssure.
Training?
Planned, formal process of acquiring and practising knowledge and Skills in a relatively safe environment.
Circumstances requiring provision of training?
1 - New Worker
2 - Job Change
3 - Process Change
4 - New Technology
5 - New Legislation
