Element 2: How health and safety management systems work and what they look like Flashcards
PDCA
Explain the 4 stages of the PDCA cycle
Plan
* Determine the policy
* Plan for implementation
Do
* profile risks
* Organise for H&S
* Implement (do) the plan
Check
* Measure performance
* Monitor before events and investigte after
Act
* Review perfomance
* Act on lessons
What are the 3 main frameworks for H&S management systems
HSG65 - is a guidance document issued by HSE in the UK providing practical advice
ILO-OSH - set of international guidelines from International Labour Organisation that is a resource for improving H&S practices
ISO 45001 - a formal international standard for H&S management systems. it’s voluntary and can be used for certification and compliance verification. This is the more internationally recognised standard.
What are the direct and consequential benefits for a company of adopting a H&S Management system
Direct Reduction in number and scale of:
- occupational illnessses
- injury
- accidents
- property damage.
Consequential
- worker retention
- better business opportunities
- reduced costs due to accident/injury direct/indirect costs
- cheaper EL insurance
- safer, healthier workforce
- avoiding business interuptions
- Ability to verify H&S through validated monitoring systems
- ability to show compliance with legal requirements
- improved reputation
ISO45001
What is ISO45001 and what 2 things does it focus on.
A management system standard. Focusses on the H&S interaction of the org with it’s environent.
ie - What is does, who it works with, where they conduct business and who else is affected.
It helps organisations manage and improve H&S work worker bt identifying and controlling risk, complying with legal, and continually improving processes.
It is based on the PDCA cycle and puts it within the context of the organisation.
- It focuses on the organisations work activities (internal issues) and the environment it operates in (external issues) and how they can affect the objectives of the system.
- this includes understanding the needs of workers and other parties and also determining the scope of the management system taking into account internal/external issues.
- requires Orgs to consider internal and external factors that may affect their performance.
Central to ISO45001 is leadership and worker participation.
Senior managers should demonstrate leadership and commitment to H&S by providing direction and resource in;
* taking accountability and responsibility for worker H&S
* ensuring processes are intergrated into the business
* providing resouces
establishing and mainataining an effective OHS policy
* directing and supporting workers
* communicating its importance
* creating, leading and promoting a safety culture
* putting processes in place for worker involvement in planning, implementing and evaluating the H&S MS
* ensuring it’s continual improvement
Participation and consultation
The organisation shall, establish, implement and maintain processes for participation (including consultation) in the development, planning, implementation, evaluation and actions for improvement of the OHSMS by workers.
This includes provision of relevant information, training and the removal of barriers to participation.
ISO450001
Discuss the 3 sections of the Plan stage
- Actions to address risks, and opportunities to improve H&S: consider hazards, risks, opportunities, legal requirements, planned changes, record keeping (SWAT)
- Hazard identification and assessment of OHS risk:
processes are required to ensure pro-active identification of hazards and should consider; routine/non-routing activities, emergency situations, actual/proposed change, social factors, people affected, design of work areas, environmental, external. - OHS objectives and planning to achieve them;
should be set at all levels to maintain and improve performance, they must; take account of RA/legal requirements/worker feedback, reflect the policy, be SMART, clearly communicated, updated.
ISO45001
The Do (support and operation) section of ISO45001 is split into Support and Operation.
What are the 5 main areas of the support that should be provided by the company?
What Operational considerations are there?
- Resources- workforce time to establish, implement, maintain and improve the OHSMS
- Competence - identify competence required for work, provide relevant training, induction, experience to ensure compentence, and document it as evidence of competence.
- Awareness - workers must be aware of the policy, their contribution to the policy, implications of non-conformity, outcomes of incidents, hazards and risks relevant to them.
- Information & Communication - determining what needs to be communicated, to who, when and how. Take diversity into account.
- Documented information - must document to ensure compliance with ISO and to maintain the system effectiveness.
Operationally
Processes/systems should be determined/are required for;
- management of change
- Outsourcing
- Procurement
- adapting work to workers
- reducing risk via hierarchy of control
- dealing with contractors
- emergency situations.
ISO45001
Describe the Check (performance evaluation) stage of the PDCA cycle. (3)
At the Check stage, the Organisation should;
* establish, implement and maintain a process for monitoring, measuring and evaluating OHS performance and Legal compliance.
* conduct internal audits to assess whether the org is meeting its own and ISOs requirements
* conduct top-managment reviews to ensure suitability, adequacy and effectiveness
reviews should drive improvement and finding should be communicated to workers/reps.
ISO450001
Describe the Act (improvement) stage.
The organisation requires processes to manage incidents and non-conformities.
This includes reporting, investigating and taking action.
The organisation is required to continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the OHSMS to:
a) prevent occurrence of incidents and nonconformities
b) promote a positive occupational health and safety culture
c) enhance OHS performance.
HSG65
What is Managing for Health & Safety HSG65
H&S Guidance 65 Is the HSE guide for managing H&S.
It provides guidance on how to effectively manage H&S to help employers understand their legal responsibilities and manage risks.
Core principles of leadership, management, worker involvement,
competence, risk profiling and legal compliance feed into good H&S management
It sets out the PCDA approach to H&S management and breaks it into 9 components.
HSG65
The Plan stage of HSG65 covers 2 issues - what are they
1. Policy
Is a plan that outlines how an organisation will ensure the safety and well-being of its employees.
It should:
* be owned and signed by the most senior person in the organisation
* show the organisations commitment to the management of health and safety risks
* be consistent with the organisations core values and beliefs
* incorporate the views of the workforce, following consultation
* set a clear direction for the organisation to follow
* reflect reality and be reflected in reality (i.e. if the policy commits the organisation or its workforce
to any particular actions they should be seen to be being done).
2. Planning (for implementation)
Planning should be collaborative throughout the org
Start planning by looking at the hazards and risks that exist as well what objectives you want to set and what the key issues are. Review where the org is (legal compliance/risk control) compared to where it wants/needs to be.
The organisation should plan for:
* the control of risks, including emergency situations
* identifying and reacting to changing demands
* developing and sustaining positive attitudes and behaviours
Planning should consider the different levels of control measures;
* workplace precautions – deliver safety at the point of risk
* risk control systems – to make sure workplace precaution is sucessful - training, supervision etc.
* management arrangements = processes toplan, organise, control, omnitor and review the design and implementation of risk conrtols (Audits)
HSG65
What does the Do phase of HSG65 PDCA cycle involve (3)
1. Profiling Risk
Used to prioritise risk in the context of broader, related business risks such as environmental, quality and asset damage.
The risk profile should consider:
* the nature and level of risks facing the organisation
* the likelihood of harm occurring
* the level of disruption arising
* the costs associated with each type of risk
* the effectiveness of current risk controls.
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Organising for health and safety
Main components are The 5 Cs:
* Cooperation - regular meetings, involvement of workforce in decisions, participation in initiatives to promote possitive culture.
* Controls - responsibility and accountability. Ensuring all know their roles, accepatble standards, and the consequences of their actions (rewards /sanctions). Supervision.
* Communication: effective 2-way, communciate info on risk and control to workforce
* Competence: ensure the necessary capabilities of staff to undertake work. good training, inductions etc.
* Commitment: Management should be and demonstrate commitments to the plan.
3. Implementing the plan
The key steps of implementation include:
- determining the required control measures and putting them in place
- providing the correct equipment to do the job and maintaining it in safe working order
- providing information, instruction, training and supervision to ensure that people are competent and that procedures are followed.
HSG65
Describe the Check stage of the HSG65 cycle (2)
Measuring performance
Should be measured against appropriate standards based on orgs risk profile.
Monitoring should identify problems, understand why the problems arose, and understand what changes are necessary
Monitoring activities are:
- Reactive - responds to incidents that have already occured. Goal to prevent similar future ones.
- Active or proactive - measures to prevent accidents occuring. Evaluate the level of control through workplace inspections etc.
Investigating accidents and incidents
When things go wrong it is important to conduct a timely investigation to learn lessons and improve controls with the aim of preventing similar events happening in the future.
HSG65
Describe the Act stage of the HSG65 cycle (2)
Organisations should evaluate performance to determine the effectiveness of leadership, management, worker involvement, competence, risk profiling and legal compliance and to determine how effective the system is at managing risks and protecting people.
1. Reviewing performance
The performance monitoring data should be reviewed by the leadership team to:
* check the validity of the health and safety policy
* ensure systems are effective.
Performance is assessed by Referring to KPIs and comparing to external businesses and best practice.
2. Learning lessons/Acting on lessons learned
Analysis of the causes of major accidents in high hazard industries has identified a number of common
contributory factors relating to lack of leadership, poor workforce attitudes and behaviours, and ‘holes’ in risk management.
Lessons learned should be communicated effectively throughout the relevant parts of the organisation
