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Imaging Maintenance and Equipment > Electrostatics and Electrodynamics > Flashcards

Electrostatics and Electrodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

the primary function of x-ray imaging system

A

to convert electric energy into electromagnetic energy

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2
Q

study of stationary electric charges

A

Electrostatics

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3
Q

T/F Matter has mass and energy equivalence

A

True

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4
Q

T/F Matter also may have electric charge

A

Ttrue

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5
Q

positive or negative
has potential energy

A

Electric Charge

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6
Q

smallest units

A

proton and electron

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7
Q

fundamental unit of electric charge

A

C (Coulomb)

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8
Q

1 C : […electron charges]

A

6.3x10¹⁸

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9
Q

an object that has too few or too many electrons

A

Electrified

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10
Q

the process of adding or removing electrons from an object

A

Electrification

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11
Q

Electrification is created by [..]

A

contact, friction, induction

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12
Q

process of making ferromagnetic material
magnetic
[process of generating current in a conductor by placing it in a changing magnetic field]

A

Electrification by Induction

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13
Q

a phenomenon whereby surfaces become electrically charged by touching

A

Electrification by Contact

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14
Q

charging process results in a transfer of electrons between the two objects that are rubbed together

A

Electrification by Friction

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15
Q

the object that behaves as a reservoir for stray electric charges

A

Electric Ground

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16
Q

EXPLAIN Electrostatic Laws

A

Unlike charges attract
Like charges repel
Electric field radiates OUT from POSITIVE charge
Electric field radiates TOWARD a NEGATIVE charge
Uncharged particles DO NOT have electric field

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17
Q

the lines of force exerted on charged ions in the tissues by the electrodes
it causes charged particles to move from one pole to another
+ = OUT
- = TOWARD

A

Electric Field

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18
Q

Laws of electrostatics

A
  1. unlike charges attract; like charges repel
  2. Coulomb’s law
  3. electric- charge distribution
  4. electric-charge concentration

-charges uniformly distributed in -surface
- sharpest curvature of surface

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19
Q

EXPLAIN Coulomb’s Law

A

electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the charges
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

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20
Q

Coulomb’s Law formula

A

F = k(QₐQb/d²)
F - electrostatic force
k - constant of proportionality [8.99 x 10⁹ N m²/c²]
QₐQb - charges
d - distance (m²)

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21
Q

k [constant of proportionality]

A

8.99 x 10⁹ N m²/c²]

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22
Q

T/F Electric charge distribution is uniform through or on the surface

A

True

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23
Q

SI Unit: Volt (V)
1V:1J/C or 1 potential energy/unit charge

A

Electric Potential

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24
Q

Study of electric charges in motion

A

Electrodynamics

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25
Q

People who work with electric current

A

Electrical engineer

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26
Q

 people concerned with current flow

A

Physicist

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27
Q

The four states of electric matter

A

Conductor, Insulator, semiconductor, superconductor

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28
Q

Any substance through which electrons flow easily

A

Conductor

29
Q

Characteristics of a conductor

A

Variable resistance
Obeys Ohm’s law
Requires voltage

30
Q

Examples of a conductor

A

Copper (Z = 29), aluminum (Z = 13) & water

31
Q

Any materials that does not allow electrons flow

A

Insulator

32
Q

Characteristics of insulator

A

Does not permit electrons
flow extremely high resistance
necessary with high voltage

33
Q

Examples of an insulator

A

Glass, rubber, and clay

34
Q

Any material that storm conditions behave as an insulator and as a conductor

A

Semiconductor

35
Q

Characteristics of a semiconductor

A

Can be conductive
can be resistive
basis for computers

36
Q

Examples of semiconductors 

A

Silicon (Si-14) and Germainium (Ge-32)

37
Q

material that allows electrons to flow without resistance

A

Superconductor

38
Q

Characteristics of a  Superconductor

A

No resistance to electron flow
no electric potential required
must be very cold

39
Q

Examples of a Superconductor

A

Niobium (Nb-41) and titanium (Ti-22)

40
Q

Demonstrated semi conduction [person, year]

A

William Shockley 1946

41
Q

The property of some matter to exhibit no resistance below a critical temperature

A

Superconductivity 1911

42
Q

The path of electron flow from the generating source through the various components and back again

A

Electric Circuits

43
Q

T/F Increasing electric resistance results in a reduced electric current

44
Q

The flow of electrons through a conductor
Direction is always opposite to the electron flow

A

Electric current/electricity

45
Q

Electric current/electricity is measured in […]

A

Amperes (A)
1 A: 1C/s or 1 Electric charge/second

46
Q

It is measured in volts (V)
1V: 1 J/c or 1 potential energy/unit charge

A

Electric Potential

47
Q

measured in Ohms

A

Electric resistance

48
Q

The voltage across the total circuit or any position of the circuit is equal to the current times the resistance
V=IR

49
Q

Ohm’s Law formula

A

V=IR
R=V/I
I=V/R

50
Q

Two basic types of electric circuits

A

Series circuit and parallel circuits

51
Q

one circuit elements are connected in a line along the same conductor

A

Series circuit

52
Q

Rules for a series circuit

A
  1. The same current flows through each part of a series circuit. It= I1 = I2 = I3
  2. The total resistance of a series circuit is equal to the sum of individual resistances. Rt=R1+ R2 + R3
  3. Voltage applied to a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage Vt= V1 + V2 + V3
53
Q

Elements are connected at their ends 

A

Parallel circuits

54
Q

Rules for parallel circuits

A

The total parallel circuit current is the sum of the individual branch currents It= I1 + I2 +I3
The voltage across each component in a parallel circuit is the same. Vt= V1=V2 =V3
The reciprocal of the total resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances. 1/Rt= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

55
Q

Inhibits flow of electrons

A

Resistor 

56
Q

Provides electric potential

A

Battery

57
Q

Momentarily stores electric charge

A

Capacitor

58
Q

Measures electrical voltage

A

Ammeter 

59
Q

Measures electric potential

A

Voltmeter

60
Q

Turn circuit on and off by providing infinite resistance

61
Q

Increases and decreases voltage by fixed amount (AC only)

A

Transformer

62
Q

Variable resistor

63
Q

Allows electrons to flow only in one direction

64
Q

Electrons that flow in only one direction

A

Direct current

65
Q

Electrons that flow alternatively in opposite direction (60-Hz)

A

Alternating current

66
Q

Graphic representation of a wave
x-axis:time
y-axis: amplitude of electric current 
AC: sinusoidal
DC: straight line

A

Waveform 

67
Q

measured in Watts (W)
1 W: 1A x 1V

A

Electric Power

68
Q

Electric Power formula

A

P=IV
P=I^2R

69
Q

T/F Electric charge of a conductor is concentrated along the sharpest curvature on the surface

Imaging Maintenance and Equipment (6 decks)

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