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Visual Perception > Electrophysiology > Flashcards

Electrophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

ECG

A

electro-cardiogram; heart; spontaneous

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2
Q

ERG

A

electroretinogram; retina, light induced

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3
Q

EOG

A

electro-oculogram; eye; standing potential

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4
Q

EEG

A

Electro-encephalogram; brain; spontaneous

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5
Q

VEP

A

Visual evoked potential;

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6
Q

AEP

A

Auditory evoked potential;

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7
Q

SEP

A

Somatosensory evoked potential;

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8
Q

ERP

A

Event related potential

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9
Q

Full-field flash ERG

A

recording of the electrical field generated by the retina in response to abrupt changes in light; electrical field changes when light alters the dark current and induces changes in neural activity within the IPL and OPL

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10
Q

A-wave

A

flash interrupts the dark current (generated by photoreceptors)
-initial dip in graph-

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11
Q

B-wave

A

neural activity within the IPL and OPL (may primarily reflect bipolar cell activity)
-steep climb in graph-

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12
Q

Oscillatory potentials

A

lateral interactions between cells

- steps in steep climb/b-wave-

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13
Q

Extinguished

A

No ERG to any stimulus

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14
Q

Diminished

A

dama

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15
Q

pan-retinal photocoagulation

A

found in diabetic retinophaty

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16
Q

normal dark-adapted, absent light-adapted ERG

A

no cone function (monochromacy)

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17
Q

normal A-wave, abnormal B-wave

A

dysfunctional bipolar cells “negative ERG”

ex. congenital stationary night blindness, X-linked retinoschesis

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18
Q

progressive abnormalities

A

ERG loss may precede functional loss - gradual reduction in ERG response.
ex. retinitis pigmentosa, retinal dystrophies, melanoma associated retinopathy, carcinoma associated retinopathy

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19
Q

outer retinal function

A

a-wave

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20
Q

middle retinal function

A

b-wave

21
Q

PERG

A

pattern electroretinogram

the electric field generated by the retina to a pattern - no average luminance

22
Q

glaucoma test

A

PERG

23
Q

PERG testing which cells

A

amacrine and ganglion

24
Q

standard PERG clinical steps

A

checkerboard, no dilation, let patient blink, average of 150+ readings

25
Q

mfERG

A

multifocal ERG: identifies and/or monitors regional dysfunction in the retina,

26
Q

m-sequence

A

pseudorandom, checking different portions of retina

27
Q

electro-oculogram physiological basis

A

tight junctions

RPE and outer photoreceptor

28
Q

standing potential of eye (EOG)

A

measured by eye movement

29
Q

standard EOG

A

alternate fixation +/- 15 degrees, record 10 saccades each minute

30
Q

arden ratio

A

light peak/dark trough

normal range 1.4 - 3.0

31
Q

is EOG sine wave or square wave

A

square wave, ignoring titers (inaccurate fixation/overshoots and blinks)

32
Q

EOG more shallow/but faster

A

Best’s disease

33
Q

VEP

A

visual evoked potential - part of the electroencephalogram from the visual cortex that is associated with vision

34
Q

physiological basis of VEP

A

visual responses can be recorded because they are time-locked to a visual stimulus - ion

35
Q

VEP represents….

A

macula/acuity

36
Q

ERG represents….

A

widespread retinal loss

37
Q

percent of retinal area is the macula

A

5 percent

38
Q

percent of visual cortex that processes macular function

A

80 percent

39
Q

pattern VEP

A

more sensitive, less variable, require fixation and resolution

40
Q

VEP maturation

A

transmission time (stimulus to processing stimulus) reduces between birth and 4 months

41
Q

optimal VEP pattern at birth

A

bright flash or large pattern

42
Q

optimal VEP pattern for adults

A

small checker

43
Q

Delays in VEP amplitudes

A

indicate dysfunction of macular pathway

44
Q

Smaller checks

A

longer peak latenciy

45
Q

lower contrast

A

longer peak latency

46
Q

standard VEP set-up

A

active electrode on occipital scalp and reference electrode on frontal scalp

47
Q

clinical application of VEP

A

evaluation of macular pathways, assessments of visual pathway routing,

48
Q

albinism

A

visual route defects due to melanin defect

49
Q

can binocular detect monocular defects in VEP?

A

no - can only detect after monocular

Visual Perception (9 decks)

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