Electrophilic Addition Flashcards
What is an electrophile?
An election pair acceptor
Electrophiles are species that accept an electron pair from a nucleophile during a chemical reaction.
What is electrophilic addition?
A reaction where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile
This process commonly involves the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes.
Provide examples of hydrogen halides.
- HCl
- HBr
- HI
Hydrogen halides are binary acids formed from hydrogen and halogens.
What types of carbon cations are there?
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
Tertiary carbon cations are the most stable due to electron-donating effects.
Which type of carbon cation is the most stable?
Tertiary carbon cation
Tertiary cations are stabilized by inductive effects from surrounding alkyl groups.
What effect stabilizes carbon cations?
Inductive effect
The inductive effect involves the donation of electron density from adjacent atoms or groups.
In electrophilic addition, which product is more likely to be produced?
The major product
The major product is typically the one derived from the more stable carbocation.
Fill in the blank: The more stable carbocation is the _______.
major product
Stability of the carbocation influences the product distribution in electrophilic addition reactions.
What is the role of hydrogen halides in electrophilic addition?
They act as electrophiles
Hydrogen halides donate a proton to the alkene, forming a carbocation intermediate.
True or False: Secondary carbon cations are more stable than primary carbon cations.
True
Secondary carbon cations are more stable due to greater inductive effects compared to primary cations.
Electrophilic addition
