Electrons, Bonding and Structure key terms

Question 1

what is a lone pair of electrons

Answer 1

a lone pair is an outer pair of electrons that are not involved in chemical bonding

Question 2

what is a permanent dipole

Answer 2

a small charge difference across a bond that results from a difference in the electronegativity’s of the bonded atoms
- a polar covalent bond has a permanent dipole

Question 3

permanent dipole-dipole interaction

Answer 3

a weak attractive force between permanent dipoles and permanent dipoles or induced dipole in neighbouring polar molecules

Question 4

London forces

Answer 4

are attractive forces between induced dipole in neighbouring molecules

Question 5

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

a strong permanent dipole-permanent dipole attraction between an electron deficient hydrogen atom on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom (NOF) on a different molecules