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Electronic Circuits: Devices and Analysis > Electronics > Flashcards

Electronics Flashcards

1
Q

It is the branch of engineering which is concerned with the design of circuits using transistors and microchips, and with the behavior and movement of electrons in a semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas.

A

Electronics

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2
Q

It is a device which controls the flow of electrons.
These devices are the main building blocks of electronic circuits.

A

Electronic device

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3
Q

The motion of electrons through a conductor produces _________.

A

Electric current

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4
Q

Give 3 Examples of Semiconductor Devices

A

Resistor
Capacitor
Diode
IC’s
Transistor
OP-Amp

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5
Q

What is the electric components

A

Active and Passive Components

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS?

A
  1. Consumer Electronics
  2. Industrial Electronics
  3. Smart Grid Systems
  4. Industrial Automation and Motion Control
  5. Image Processing
  6. Medical Applications
  7. Meteorological and Oceanographic
  8. Defense and Aerospace
  9. Automotive
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7
Q

Passive Components

A

Resistors (fixed or variable)
Capacitors
Inductors

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8
Q

Active Components

A

Diodes
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
Display devices (LCD)
LED
CRTs
Power sources
PV cells
Other AC and DC supply
sources

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9
Q

Are a special class of elements having a
conductivity between that of a good conductor and that of an insulator.

A

Semiconductors

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10
Q

Materials commonly used in the development of semiconductor devices:

A

i. Silicon (Si)
ii. Germanium (Ge)
iii. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)

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11
Q

Valence electrons of one atom of these materials form a ________ .

A

bonding arrangement

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12
Q

This bonding arrangement, strengthened by the sharing of electrons, is called
_______.

A

covalent bonding

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13
Q

The term _______indicates that the potential (ionization potential) required to
remove any one of these electrons from the atomic structure is significantly lower
than that required for any other electron in the structure

A

valence

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14
Q

Although the covalent bond will result in a stronger bond between the valence electrons
and their parent atom, it is still possible for the valence electrons to absorb sufficient
________________________________________________.

A

kinetic energy from external natural causes break the covalent bond and assume the
“free” state.

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15
Q

The free electrons in a material due only to external causes are referred to as
____________.

A

intrinsic carriers.

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16
Q

The term _____is applied to any semiconductor material that has been
carefully refined to reduce the number of impurities to a very low level –
essentially as pure as can be made available through modern technology.

A

intrinsic

17
Q

An _______in the valence band of silicon must absorb more energy than one in the
valence band of germanium to become a free carrier. Similarly, an electron in the
valence band of gallium arsenide must gain more energy than one in silicon or
germanium to enter the conduction band.

A

electron

18
Q

The unit used for energy of electron is ____________. This is derived from the
defining equation for voltage: V=W/Q

A

electron volts (eV)

19
Q

Electrical characteristics of silicon and germanium are improved by adding
materials in a process called ______.

A

doping

20
Q

A semiconductor material that has been subjected to the doping process is called
an_______.

A

extrinsic material

21
Q

What are two types of doped semiconductor materials:

A

i. n-type material
ii. p-type material

22
Q

What materials contain an excess of conduction band electrons

A

n-type

23
Q

What materials contain an excess of valence band holes.

A

p-type

24
Q

An n-type material is created by introducing impurity elements that have five
valence electrons (______).

A

pentavalent

25
Q

Diffused impurities with five valence electrons are called __________.

A

donor atoms

26
Q

An n-type material is formed by doping with impurity atoms having ____________.

A

three valence
electrons

27
Q

The resulting vacancy is called a ___ and is represented by a small circle or a plus
sign indicating the absence of a negative charge.

A

hole

28
Q

Diffused impurities with three valence electrons are called _________.

A

acceptor atoms

29
Q

In an n-type material, the _____________________________________ and the hole the
minority carrier.

A

electron is called the majority carrier

30
Q

In a p-type material, the _____________________ and the electron is the minority
carrier.

A

hole is the majority carrier

31
Q

The n- and p-type materials represent the ___________________________________ of semiconductor
devices

A

basic building blocks

32
Q

p region is called the ____ and is connected to a conductive terminal.

A

Anode

33
Q

n region is called the ______ and is connected to a second conductive terminal

A

Cathode

34
Q

The diode is a ________ device.

A

two-terminal

35
Q

A diode ideally conducts in only ________.

A

one direction

36
Q

The electron migration results in a ___________ on the p-type side of the junction
and a ___________ on the n-type side of the junction.

A

Negative Charge, Positive Charge

37
Q

The electron migration results in a negative charge on the p-type side of the junction
and a positive charge on the n-type side of the junction. The result is the formation of a ________region around the junction.

A

depletion

38
Q

What are the diode’s three operating conditions:

A
  1. No Bias
  2. Forward Bias
  3. Reverse Bias

Electronic Circuits: Devices and Analysis (4 decks)

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