Electronics Flashcards
It is the branch of engineering which is concerned with the design of circuits using transistors and microchips, and with the behavior and movement of electrons in a semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas.
Electronics
It is a device which controls the flow of electrons.
These devices are the main building blocks of electronic circuits.
Electronic device
The motion of electrons through a conductor produces _________.
Electric current
Give 3 Examples of Semiconductor Devices
Resistor
Capacitor
Diode
IC’s
Transistor
OP-Amp
What is the electric components
Active and Passive Components
WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS?
- Consumer Electronics
- Industrial Electronics
- Smart Grid Systems
- Industrial Automation and Motion Control
- Image Processing
- Medical Applications
- Meteorological and Oceanographic
- Defense and Aerospace
- Automotive
Passive Components
Resistors (fixed or variable)
Capacitors
Inductors
Active Components
Diodes
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
Display devices (LCD)
LED
CRTs
Power sources
PV cells
Other AC and DC supply
sources
Are a special class of elements having a
conductivity between that of a good conductor and that of an insulator.
Semiconductors
Materials commonly used in the development of semiconductor devices:
i. Silicon (Si)
ii. Germanium (Ge)
iii. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
Valence electrons of one atom of these materials form a ________ .
bonding arrangement
This bonding arrangement, strengthened by the sharing of electrons, is called
_______.
covalent bonding
The term _______indicates that the potential (ionization potential) required to
remove any one of these electrons from the atomic structure is significantly lower
than that required for any other electron in the structure
valence
Although the covalent bond will result in a stronger bond between the valence electrons
and their parent atom, it is still possible for the valence electrons to absorb sufficient
________________________________________________.
kinetic energy from external natural causes break the covalent bond and assume the
“free” state.
The free electrons in a material due only to external causes are referred to as
____________.
intrinsic carriers.
The term _____is applied to any semiconductor material that has been
carefully refined to reduce the number of impurities to a very low level –
essentially as pure as can be made available through modern technology.
intrinsic
An _______in the valence band of silicon must absorb more energy than one in the
valence band of germanium to become a free carrier. Similarly, an electron in the
valence band of gallium arsenide must gain more energy than one in silicon or
germanium to enter the conduction band.
electron
The unit used for energy of electron is ____________. This is derived from the
defining equation for voltage: V=W/Q
electron volts (eV)
Electrical characteristics of silicon and germanium are improved by adding
materials in a process called ______.
doping
A semiconductor material that has been subjected to the doping process is called
an_______.
extrinsic material
What are two types of doped semiconductor materials:
i. n-type material
ii. p-type material
What materials contain an excess of conduction band electrons
n-type
What materials contain an excess of valence band holes.
p-type
An n-type material is created by introducing impurity elements that have five
valence electrons (______).
pentavalent
Diffused impurities with five valence electrons are called __________.
donor atoms
An n-type material is formed by doping with impurity atoms having ____________.
three valence
electrons
The resulting vacancy is called a ___ and is represented by a small circle or a plus
sign indicating the absence of a negative charge.
hole
Diffused impurities with three valence electrons are called _________.
acceptor atoms
In an n-type material, the _____________________________________ and the hole the
minority carrier.
electron is called the majority carrier
In a p-type material, the _____________________ and the electron is the minority
carrier.
hole is the majority carrier
The n- and p-type materials represent the ___________________________________ of semiconductor
devices
basic building blocks
p region is called the ____ and is connected to a conductive terminal.
Anode
n region is called the ______ and is connected to a second conductive terminal
Cathode
The diode is a ________ device.
two-terminal
A diode ideally conducts in only ________.
one direction
The electron migration results in a ___________ on the p-type side of the junction
and a ___________ on the n-type side of the junction.
Negative Charge, Positive Charge
The electron migration results in a negative charge on the p-type side of the junction
and a positive charge on the n-type side of the junction. The result is the formation of a ________region around the junction.
depletion
What are the diode’s three operating conditions:
- No Bias
- Forward Bias
- Reverse Bias
