Electronics Flashcards
When is an electric circuit formed
An electric circuit is formed when a continuous path is created to allow free electrons to move.
What is current
Current - The continuous movement of free electrons through the conductors of a circuit. The SI unit for current is Ampere
What is voltage
Voltage - the measure of potential energy that is always relative between two points. The SI unit for voltage is volts
What is resistance?
Resistance in the opposition to the electric flow. The SI unit for resistance is the ohm. Resistance occurs because moving electrons bump into particles of matter that absorb the energy.
What is a series circuit?
Resistors connected in a long chain from one terminal of the battery to the other is called a series circuit.
In a series circuit, the current through each of the components is the same, and voltage lowers further on.
Total Voltage = V1+V2+V3 (voltage across each point.)
Current across R1 = Current across R2 = Current across R3
What is a parallel circuit?
Each individual path (through R1, R2, and R3) is called a branch. More than one continuous path for the flow of electrons
In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each of the components is the same, current changes because there are multiple paths for electricity to flow through.
I = I1 + I2 + I3 (find current across each branch and then add to find total current)
To find total resistance:
1/R total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/Rn
What is Ohms law?
Ohms law states that the current flowing through a circuit is proportional to the voltage of the circuit.
It can be mathematically expressed as V = I * R, I = V/R
and R = V/I
What are mA and kΩ
Since Ampere (A) is usually too big of a unit we use mA (milliampere).
1mA = 0.001 A
Since Ohms is too small as a unit of measurements we use kiloohms
1 kΩ = 1000Ω
What is an open circuit?
An open circuit is a circuit in which the flow of current is interrupted. This doesn’t let the current flow all the way. No current flows through the open branch. In an open circuit if the branch is shorted the resistance of the shorted branch is infinity. I = V/infinity
= 0
What is a closed circuit?
A closed-circuit is a circuit in which there is a path for the flow of electricity. There is no interruption.
What is a short circuit?
A short circuit is created when two points of different potential connect. In a short circuit, the resistance of the shorted branch is 0,
I = V/R
= V/0
Maximum current flows through the shorted branch
What are the breadboard’s internal connections?
The breadboard’s internal connections are 1. In the line with numbers, everything is electrically connected. 2. In the line of letters, everything is not electrically connected.
What is power?
Power is measured in watts. It is the measure of how fast electric energy can change into another form of energy. It is energy per second.
P = I * V
What do DC motors do?
DC motors make electrical energy, mechanical energy.
