Electronic structure of atoms

Question 1

First ionisation energy

Answer 1

the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions

Question 2

Successive ionisation energies

Answer 2

they occur when further electrons are removed - requires more energy - electrostatic forces of attraction increases

Question 3

General increase across a group

Answer 3

• proton number increases
• nuclear charge increases
• attraction force of electrons increases
• atomic radius deceases
• shielding stays the same

Question 4

General decrease down a group

Answer 4

• number of shells increases
• shielding increases
• atomic radius increases
• first ionisation energy decreases