Electronic structure

Question 1

What is the first ionisation energy definition?

Answer 1

The amount of energy needed to remove one mole of electron from each atom in one mole of atoms of an element in the gaseous state.

Question 2

What state does an element have to be in for ionisation to take place?

Answer 2

Gaseous.

Question 3

What factors affect ionisation energy?

Answer 3

• Electrons are negatively charged and are held in orbit by positively charged nucleus
• Outermost electron needs less energy because it’s further away from nucleus

Question 4

How many electrons does the ‘S’ subshell hold up to?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

How many electrons does the ‘P’ subshell hold up to?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

How many electrons does the ‘D’ subshell hold up to?

Answer 6

10

Question 7

How many electrons does the ‘F’ subshell hold up to?

Answer 7

14

Question 8

Define orbital.

Answer 8

A region of space within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.

Question 9

What shape are ‘S’ orbitals?

Answer 9

Sphere.

Question 10

What shape are ‘P’ orbitals?

Answer 10

Dumb bell.

Question 11

Why does the 4s orbital filled before 3d?

Answer 11

Because the energy of shells get closer together further from the nucleus and start to overlap

Question 12

What is the name for positive ions?

Answer 12

Cations.

Question 13

What is the name for negative ions?

Answer 13

Anions.