Bonding Flashcards
Foundations in chemistry
What is ionic bonding?
Where a metal bonds with a non-metal.
What happens with ionic bonding (electrons)?
The metal atom gives one or more electron to the non-metal.
What do ionic bonds form?
Giant ionic lattices
What are the properties of giant ionic lattices?
High melting and boiling points.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
- High melting/ boiling points.
- Conducts electricity when molten.
- Soluble in polar solvents.
What is covalent bonding between?
2 Non-metals.
What is expanding the octet?
Through covalent bonding, they can accept more than 8 electrons into the outer shell by using their empty sub shells to accommodate the electrons.
What is reducing the octet?
Through covalent bonding, they can have less than 8 electrons in the outer shell and still be stable.
What is a lone pair?
Pairs of electrons in outer shells of atoms in molecules that aren’t involved in covalent bonding.
What is dative covalent bonding?
When a lone pair is used to form a covalent bond to an atom that can accommodate two more electrons in the outer shell (NH4+).
Describe diamonds structure.
A giant covalent structure with a high melting point because of strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
Describe the structure of sodium chloride.
A giant ionic lattice with high melting point due to strong forces of attraction. Can conduct electricity when molten.
Describe the structure of graphite.
Carbon atoms layered with delocalised electrons in between each layer, can conduct electricity.
Describe the structure of graphene.
Single layer of graphite, can conduct electricity due to delocalised electrons.
Give the shape and bond angle of molecules with 2 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs.
Linear
180°
