Electronic structure

Question 1

what did the bohr model say about electrons ?

Answer 1

that they are arranged in shells

Question 2

how are these shells defined ?

Answer 2

by the principle qauntum number ,given the symbol ‘n’

Question 3

what does the lowest energy shell have ?

Answer 3

n=1

Question 4

the higher the n of an electron ……

Answer 4

the further from the nucleus it orbits

Question 5

how do you find the max number of electrons in a shell?

Answer 5

2n^2

Question 6

what is a sub level ?

Answer 6

all of the orbitals of the same type in the same shell

Question 7

what happens with the sub levels for atoms with more than one electron ?

Answer 7

the shells are split into sub shells

Question 8

what energy is a sub shell?

Answer 8

they are all slightly different energies

Question 9

what does n mean in shells ?

Answer 9

the number of subshells

Question 10

what are sub shells composed off ?

Answer 10

orbitals

Question 11

how many electrons can orbitals hold ?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

what do orbitals in the same subshell have ?

Answer 12

same energy

Question 13

what is the requirement of 2 electrons existing in the same orbital?

Answer 13

one must have a up spin and one must have a down spin

Question 14

are electrons particles ?

Answer 14

no they are negative charge clouds

Question 15

what shape does the negative charge cloud take ?

Answer 15

whatever shape the orbital it occupies is

Question 16

how certain can scientist be about where an electron exists ?

Answer 16

95%

Question 17

what are the types of atomic orbitals?

Answer 17

s,p,d,f

Question 18

describe the orbitals in electron shells ?

Answer 18

shell 1 : 1s orbital =2 electrons
shell 2 : 1 s ,3 p =8 electrons
shell 3 : 1 s , 3 p , 5 d = 18 electrons
shell 4+ : 1s,3p,5d ,7 f =32 electrons

Question 19

orbitals of exactly the same energy are called …….

Answer 19

degenarate

Question 20

explain subshell notation

Answer 20

Energy level , subshell and the number of electrons (electrons in the square place)

Question 21

explain the arrows in boxes technique of showing electron configuration

Answer 21

Each box represents an orbital , each arrow represents one electron , the up and down arrows represent the electrons spinning in opposite directions , the energy level and subshell are written about the orbital diagram

Question 22

Explain energy level diagrams in electron configuration

Answer 22

Shows the energy of the electron in diffrent orbitals and the number of electrons , their is an arrow for energy from lowest to highest up the paper

Question 23

Name the three key rules of electron configuration?

Answer 23

Electrons fill up the lowest energy sub shells first (4s has allowed energy than 3d so 4s first )

electrons fill orbitals in a sub shells singly before they start sharing (because electrons with the same way of turning repell)

for the configuration of ions from the s and p blocks of the periodic table ,just add or remove the electrons to or from the highest energy occupied sub shell .
Elements with their outer electrons in an s sub shell are called s block elements,same goes for p block elements and the p orbital

Question 24

How do u do noble gas config ?

Answer 24

Square brackets with element before then the following shells .
E.g.,calcium as [Ar]4s2

Question 25

What is the annonmly in electron config if transition metals ?

Answer 25

Chromium and copper donate one of their 4s electron to their 3d sub shell due to them wanting a more stable full or half-full d sub shell .
when transition metals become ions they lose their 4s electrons before their 3d electrons .

Question 26

what decides the chemical properties of an element ?

Answer 26

the number of outer shell electrons

Question 27

explain the chemical properites of s block elements ?

Answer 27

1-2 electrons in the outer shell .(group 1/2) ,These are easily lost to form positive ions with an inert gas config .

Question 28

explain the p block chemical properites ?

Answer 28

groups 5 ,6 ,7 .can gain 1,2 or three electrons to form negative ions with an inert gas config .

Question 29

what groups 4-7 do when they form covalent bonds ?

Answer 29

they can share electrons

Question 30

explain how electron configuration effects group 0 elements ?

Answer 30

they have completely filled s and p sub shells and don’t need to gain ,lose or share electrons .their full sub shells make them inert