Electronegativity and (non) polar bonds

Question 1

What is electronegativity?

Answer 1

The tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Atoms with similar electronegativity form covalent bonds.

Question 2

What is the direction of increasing electronegativity in the period table? Give an example of elements with the highest and lower electronegativity.

Answer 2

Electronegativity increases as we reach the top-right of the period table. Francium (Fr) is the element with the lowest, and fluorine is the highest (F).

Question 3

What elements are not included in electronegativity and why?

Answer 3

The noble gases because they are not reactive.

Question 4

Is an equal sharing bond polar or non-polar? Why?

Answer 4

Non-polar. This is because the pair of electrons are shared equally between the atoms.

Question 5

Is an non-equal sharing bond polar or non-polar? Why?

Answer 5

Polar. This is because one of the atoms is more electronegative than the other, this means that it has a stronger pull on the pair of the electrons therefore causing it to be unequal.

Question 6

What is the symbol for partially positive?

Answer 6

δ+

Question 7

What is the symbol for partially negative?

Answer 7

δ-

Question 8

Would the atom with the most electronegativity be partially positive or negative?

Answer 8

Partially negative as it has the shared pair of electrons more then the other atom.

Question 9

A bond with zero electronegativity is called what? Why?

Answer 9

Pure covalent bond. This is because electrons are shared equally.

Question 10

A bond with low electronegativity is called what? Why?

Answer 10

Polar covalent. This is because the electrons are shared, but not equally.

Question 11

A bond with high electronegativity is called what? Why?

Answer 11

Ionic. This is because an electron is given from one atom to another (metal to a non-metal).

Question 12

What is the sharing of electrons in a non-polar (pure) covalent bond?

Answer 12

Equal.

Question 13

What is dipole movement?

Answer 13

A measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule.

Question 14

Does a non-polar (pure) covalent bond have dipole movement?

Answer 14

No because there is no difference in electronegativity between the atoms as the electrons are equally shared.

Question 15

What is the electronegativity of a non-polar (pure) covalent bond?

Answer 15

<0.5

Question 16

What is the sharing of electrons in a polar covalent bond?

Answer 16

Unequal.

Question 17

Does a polar covalent bond have dipole movement?

Answer 17

Partial dipole movement as the unequal sharing creates creates a partial negative charge or partial positive charge.

Question 18

What is the electronegativity of a polar covalent bond?

Answer 18

0.5 to 1.7

Question 19

What is the sharing of electrons in an ionic bond?

Answer 19

Transferred.

Question 20

Does an ionic bond have dipole movement?

Answer 20

Yes as there is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another resulting in charge separation of either positive or negative.