Electronegatives and Bonding

Question 1

Ionic Bonds

Answer 1

Difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.6
ex.
Na F
0.9 4.0
3.1 ( 4.0-0.9= 3.1)
3.1 is greater than 1.6, so this is a Ionic Bond

Question 2

Covalent Bonds

Answer 2

Difference in electronegativity is less than 0.2
ex.
Cl2
Cl Cl
3.0 3.0
0
0 is less than 0.2, so this is a Covalent Bond

Question 3

Polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 3

Difference in electronegativity is between 0.2 and 1.6
ex.
Ca Se
1.0 2.4
1.4
1.4 is in between 0.2 and 1.6, so this is a Polar Covalent Bond

Question 4

Dipole

Answer 4

The partial charge on atoms within a neutral molecule

Question 5

Molecules

Answer 5

Can be Polar or Non-Polar
Polar- Dipoles exist and don’t cancel out
ex. BrFeCl

 Br-Fe-Cl
 2.8 1.8 3.0
    1.0   1.2  
 Polar Molecule (dipoles aren't equal) Non-Polar- No dipoles or they cancel each other out ex. FeCl2

 Cl-Fe-Cl
 1.2    1.2
0.2<1.2<1.6
Non Polar Molecule (equal dipoles)

Question 6

Steps

Answer 6

1. Draw structure of molecule
2. Determine dipoles within the molecule
3. Determine if dipoles cancel

Question 7

Equal Bond Angles

Answer 7

ex. 
    FeCl3
    Fe-Cl
    1.8 3.0
    1.2

 Cl
 Fe Cl       Cl Dipoles would go towards the Cl because it is more electronegative

Question 8

Water

Answer 8

H2O
    O
H     H
H-O
2.1 3.5
1.4
H2O is a Polar Molecule

Question 9

What dissolves in Water?

Answer 9

Polar and ionic substances

Question 10

What dissolves in hexane?

Answer 10

Non-Polar substances