Electron Transport Chain Flashcards
What drives the pumping system embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The potential energy of FADH and NADH
Where is the energy harnesses to drive the electron transport chain?
Electrons from NADH and FADH
How does NADH go through the membrane?
Through transport protein - enzymes embedded in the inner membrane
What are cristae use for
- Increases surface area of mitochondrion inner membrane
- more reactions can be carried out
- higher concentrations of protein carriers
How are electrons passed on the chain?
Once each protein is reduced, it will oxidize, and pass it on to the next protein, on and on
Why does potential energy of electron decrease each time?
Energy is dissipated each time as heat
Protein is able to use some of that energy to change shape and release a proton (H-) into the membrane space
What is pumped out of each protein as the electron is passed along?
each protein pumps a charged hydrogen into the membrane space.
You have a charge gradient, or an ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT
oxidative phosphorylation
transfer of an inorganic phosphate by using hydrogen ions from the electron transport chain and from chemiosmosis
proto motive force changes shape of ATP synthase to synthesize ATP
chemiosmosis
movement of hydrogen ions across semipermeable membrane
in direction of electrochemical gradient
in which side of the membrane are protons (h+ ions) pumped out
into the intermembrane space
3 enzymes involved in the electron transport chain
NADH dehydrogenase (NADH only)
cytochrome bc1 complex
cytochrome oxidase complex
molecules that transport the electron
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) cytochrome-c
how many electrons per NADH and FADH molecule involved in one round of the ETC
2 electrons each
for 1 glucose, how many NADH and FADH involved
8 NADH and 4 FADH2
how many Hydrogen ions and electrons for how many H20 molecules? how many O atoms
24 H+
24 e-
12 H2O molecules
6O molecules
